Antipsychotics and Risk of Acute Respiratory Failure in U.S. Medicare Beneficiaries with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Importance: Acute respiratory failure (ARF) associated with antipsychotic use has been documented through case reports and population-based studies.

Objective: To assess whether the recent use of antipsychotics is associated with an increased risk of ARF in U.S.

Use of proton pump inhibitors and risk of severe COVID-19: A case-control study in United States Medicare beneficiaries.

Background: Concerns have been raised regarding proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Observational studies have yielded heterogeneous results and were subject to important methodological limitations.

Aims: To examine the association between the receipt of PPIs and risk of COVID-19 hospitalizations and severe in-hospital outcomes or death.

Proton-Pump Inhibitors and Cardiovascular Adverse Events: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Introduction: Some observational studies suggest a cardiovascular risk from proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment, but observational data may be subject to bias. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial data on cardiovascular events during PPI treatment.

Methods: Manufacturers of PPIs provided data from their PPI clinical trial programs.

Switching patterns of immediate-release forms of generic mixed amphetamine salts products among privately and publicly insured individuals aged 15-64 years in the United States, 2013-2019.

Purpose: Immediate-release forms of generic mixed amphetamine salts (MAS) have been the subject of passive surveillance reports signaling lack of effectiveness. We examined switching patterns that might suggest whether long-term users of specific MAS are more likely to switch away or switch back after use of the MAS of interest in the FDA's Sentinel Distributed Database.

Methods: We required at least 60-day continuous supply of selected MAS grouped by Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) to describe patterns of switching away from and to generics approved under the ANDAs of interest among individuals ages 15-64 years with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or narcolepsy during 2013-2019.

Cannabidiol exposures in the United States, National Poison Data System, July 2014-June 2021.

Introduction: There has been an increase in the interest and availability of products asserting to contain cannabidiol (CBD).

Objective: To describe demographic and clinical patterns in cases involving CBD exposures documented by the America's Poison Centers (AAPCC).

Methods: We extracted human exposure cases involving CBD from the U.

Mortality Among Parkinson's Disease Patients Treated With Pimavanserin or Atypical Antipsychotics: An Observational Study in Medicare Beneficiaries.

Objective: Pimavanserin, a serotonin 5-HT antagonist, is indicated for treatment of hallucinations and delusions associated with Parkinson's disease psychosis. In premarketing trials in patients with Parkinson's disease psychosis, 11% of patients died during open-label pimavanserin treatment. Antipsychotics, which are used off-label in Parkinson's disease psychosis, increase mortality in dementia patients.

Systematic review of risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and severity of COVID-19 with therapies approved to treat multiple sclerosis.

There is growing concern that multiple sclerosis (MS) patients on certain therapies may be at higher risk for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We conducted a systematic literature review to examine the available data on U.S.

A systematic review of pregnancy exposure registries: examination of protocol-specified pregnancy outcomes, target sample size, and comparator selection.

Purpose: Our study sought to systematically evaluate protocol-specified study methodology in prospective pregnancy exposure registries including pre-specified pregnancy outcomes, power calculations for sample size, and comparator group selection.

Methods: U.S.

Acute and recent air pollution exposure and cardiovascular events at labour and delivery.

Objective: To study the relationship between acute air pollution exposure and cardiovascular events during labour/delivery.

Methods: The Consortium on Safe Labor (2002-2008), an observational US cohort with 223,502 singleton deliveries provided electronic medical records. Air pollution exposure was estimated by modified Community Multiscale Air Quality models.

Differences in risk factors for recurrent versus incident preterm delivery.

Risk factors for preterm delivery have been described, but whether risk factors differ in the context of prior preterm delivery history is less understood. We assessed whether known risk factors were different in women with versus without prior preterm delivery using medical records of the first and second singleton deliveries in 25,820 Utah women (2002-2010). Longitudinal transition models with modified Poisson regression calculated adjusted relative risks and 95% confidence intervals, with multiplicative interactions between each preterm risk factor and prior preterm delivery status to explore whether risk factors varied between incident and recurrent preterm delivery at <37 weeks.

Does maternal asthma contribute to racial/ethnic disparities in obstetrical and neonatal complications?

Purpose: To examine whether maternal asthma contributes to racial/ethnic differences in obstetrical and neonatal complications.

Methods: Data on white (n = 110,603), black (n = 50,284), and Hispanic (n = 38,831) singleton deliveries came from the Consortium on Safe Labor. Multilevel logistic regression models, with an interaction term for asthma and race/ethnicity, estimated within-group adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, placental abruption, premature rupture of membranes, preterm delivery, maternal hemorrhage, neonatal intensive care unit admissions, small for gestational age, apnea, respiratory distress syndrome, transient tachypnea of the newborn, anemia, and hyperbilirubinemia after adjustment for clinical and demographic confounders.

Acute air pollution exposure and blood pressure at delivery among women with and without hypertension.

Background: Chronic air pollution exposure increases risk for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, but the effect of acute air pollution exposure on blood pressure during pregnancy is less well known.

Methods: We studied 151,276 singleton term deliveries from the Consortium on Safe Labor (2002-2008) with clinical blood pressure measured at admission to labor/delivery and diagnoses of hypertensive disorders collected from electronic medical records and hospital discharge summaries. Air pollution exposures were estimated for the admission hour and the 4 hours preceding admission using a modified version of the Community Multiscale Air Quality models and observed air monitoring data.

High vitamin B12 levels are not associated with increased mortality risk for ICU patients after adjusting for liver function: a cohort study.

Background And Aims: Recent research has suggested that high vitamin B12 levels may be associated with increased mortality after ICU admission. However, it is known that impaired liver function may lead to elevated B12 since B12 is metabolized through the liver, and therefore high B12 levels may serve as a proxy for poor liver function. The aim of this study is to assess the impact that liver function and liver disease have on the relationship between high vitamin B12 levels and mortality in the ICU.

The NICHD Consecutive Pregnancies Study: recurrent preterm delivery by subtype.

Objective: Attention for recurrent preterm delivery has primarily focused on spontaneous subtypes with less known about indicated preterm delivery.

Study Design: In a retrospective cohort of consecutive pregnancies among 51,086 women in Utah (2002-2010), binary relative risk regression was performed to examine the risk of preterm delivery (PTD; <37 weeks) in the second observed delivery by PTD in the first, adjusting for maternal age, race/ethnicity, prepregnancy body mass index, insurance, smoking, alcohol and/or drug use, and chronic disease. Analyses were also performed stratified by prior preterm delivery subtype: spontaneous, indicated, or no recorded indication.

Neonatal health of infants born to mothers with asthma.

Background: Maternal asthma is associated with serious pregnancy complications, but newborn morbidity is understudied.

Objective: We wanted to determine whether infants of asthmatic mothers have more neonatal complications.

Methods: The Consortium on Safe Labor (2002-2008), a retrospective cohort, included 223,512 singleton deliveries at ≥ 23 weeks' gestation.

Lower short- and long-term mortality associated with overweight and obesity in a large cohort study of adult intensive care unit patients.

Introduction: Two thirds of United States adults are overweight or obese, which puts them at higher risk of developing chronic diseases and of death compared with normal-weight individuals. However, recent studies have found that overweight and obesity by themselves may be protective in some contexts, such as hospitalization in an intensive care unit (ICU). Our objective was to determine the relation between body mass index (BMI) and mortality at 30 days and 1 year after ICU admission.

Obstetric complications among US women with asthma.

Objective: We sought to characterize complications of pregnancy, labor, and delivery associated with maternal asthma in a contemporary US cohort.

Study Design: We studied a retrospective cohort based on electronic medical record data from 223,512 singleton deliveries from 12 clinical centers across the United States from 2002 through 2008.

Results: Women with asthma had higher odds of preeclampsia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.

Relationship between vitamin B12 and sensory and motor peripheral nerve function in older adults.

Objectives: To examine whether deficient B12 status or low serum B12 levels are associated with worse sensory and motor peripheral nerve function in older adults.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Setting: Health, Aging and Body Composition Study.

Vitamin B12 and homocysteine levels and 6-year change in peripheral nerve function and neurological signs.

Background: Low vitamin B12 and high homocysteine (Hcy) levels are common in older adults and may be associated with worse neurological function. The aim of this study is to determine whether changes in B12 or Hcy levels are associated with longitudinal changes in peripheral nerve function and clinical neurological signs and symptoms.

Methods: Participants aged 60 years and older at baseline (n = 678; 72.

Determining activity monitor wear time: an influential decision rule.

Background: Accurately measuring physical activity (PA) with activity monitors requires sufficient monitor wear time which can be difficult to assess. Monitor sensitivity to movement and population characteristics (eg, children vs. adults) may dictate the duration of monitor inactivity indicative of nonwear.