RightPath: a model of community-based musculoskeletal care for children.

Objectives: Musculoskeletal (MSK) presentations are common (reported prevalence of one in eight children) and a frequent cause of consultations (6% of 7-year-olds in a cohort study from the UK). Many causes are self-limiting or raised as concerns about normal development (so-called normal variants). We aimed to describe a new model of care to identify children who might be managed in the community by paediatric physiotherapists and/or podiatrists rather than referral to hospital specialist services.

Intraoperative coagulopathy during cesarean section as an unsuspected initial presentation of COVID-19: a case report.

Background: The world's understanding of COVID-19 continues to evolve as the scientific community discovers unique presentations of this disease. This case report depicts an unexpected intraoperative coagulopathy during a cesarean section in an otherwise asymptomatic patient who was later found to have COVID-19. This case suggests that there may be a higher risk for intrapartum bleeding in the pregnant, largely asymptomatic COVID-positive patient with more abnormal COVID laboratory values.

Patients' views on the use of an Option Grid for knee osteoarthritis in physiotherapy clinical encounters: An interview study.

Background: Patient decision support tools have been developed as a means of providing accurate and accessible information in order for patients to make informed decisions about their care. Option Grids are a type of decision support tool specifically designed to be used during clinical encounters.

Objective: To explore patients' views of the Option Grid encounter tool used in clinical consultations with physiotherapists, in comparison with usual care, within a patient population who are likely to be disadvantaged by age and low health literacy.

On a learning curve for shared decision making: Interviews with clinicians using the knee osteoarthritis Option Grid.

Rational: Tools used in clinical encounters to illustrate to patients the risks and benefits of treatment options have been shown to increase shared decision making. However, we do not have good information about how these tools are viewed by clinicians and how clinicians think patients would react to their use.

Objective: Our aim was to examine clinicians' views about the possible and actual use of tools designed to support patients and clinicians to collaborate and deliberate about treatment options, namely, Option Grid decision aids.

Supporting shared decision making using an Option Grid for osteoarthritis of the knee in an interface musculoskeletal clinic: A stepped wedge trial.

Objective: To evaluate whether introducing tools, specifically designed for use in clinical encounters, namely Option Grids, into a clinical practice setting leads to higher levels of shared decision making.

Methods: A stepped wedge trial design where 6 physiotherapists at an interface clinic in Oldham, UK, were sequentially instructed in how to use an Option Grid for osteoarthritis of the knee. Patients with suspected or confirmed osteoarthritis of the knee were recruited, six per clinician prior to instruction, and six per clinician afterwards.

Linking Native American tribal policy to practice in mental health care.

The authors highlight approaches used in implementing tribal policy to provide a successful culturally-based modification of dialectical behavior therapy in the Suquamish Native American Tribe. The modified program was called Healthy and Whole. This work fostered greater tribal community resiliency despite the serious mental health problems of the community.

Option Grids to facilitate shared decision making for patients with Osteoarthritis of the knee: protocol for a single site, efficacy trial.

Background: Despite policy interest, an ethical imperative, and evidence of the benefits of patient decision support tools, the adoption of shared decision making (SDM) in day-to-day clinical practice remains slow and is inhibited by barriers that include culture and attitudes; resources and time pressures. Patient decision support tools often require high levels of health and computer literacy. Option Grids are one-page evidence-based summaries of the available condition-specific treatment options, listing patients' frequently asked questions.

Estimation of functional connectivity from electromagnetic signals and the amount of empirical data required.

An increasing number of neuroimaging studies are concerned with the identification of interactions or statistical dependencies between brain areas. Dependencies between the activities of different brain regions can be quantified with functional connectivity measures such as the cross-correlation coefficient. An important factor limiting the accuracy of such measures is the amount of empirical data available.

Patient- and physician-level determinants of blood pressure response to treatment in normal weight and overweight patients (the PREVIEW study).

Background And Aims: Obesity combined with hypertension places patients at greater risk for target-organ damage and cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this secondary analysis was to identify physician- and patient-levels determinants of blood pressure (BP) values and predictors of uncontrolled BP through subgroup analysis by body mass index (BMI).

Methods And Results: We conducted a subgroup analysis of 3006 patients with High-BMI (BMI >25 kg/m(2); n=2124) and Normal-BMI (BMI<25 kg/m(2); n=882) treated by 504 physicians and enrolled in PREVIEW, a Belgian prospective, multi-center, pharmaco-epidemiological study of 90-day second-line treatment with valsartan.

The role of oscillatory brain activity in object processing and figure-ground segmentation in human vision.

The perception of an object as a single entity within a visual scene requires that its features are bound together and segregated from the background and/or other objects. Here, we used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to assess the hypothesis that coherent percepts may arise from the synchronized high frequency (gamma) activity between neurons that code features of the same object. We also assessed the role of low frequency (alpha, beta) activity in object processing.

Cortical oscillatory activity associated with the perception of illusory and real visual contours.

We used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to examine the nature of oscillatory brain rhythms when passively viewing both illusory and real visual contours. Three stimuli were employed: a Kanizsa triangle; a Kanizsa triangle with a real triangular contour superimposed; and a control figure in which the corner elements used to form the Kanizsa triangle were rotated to negate the formation of illusory contours. The MEG data were analysed using synthetic aperture magnetometry (SAM) to enable the spatial localisation of task-related oscillatory power changes within specific frequency bands, and the time-course of activity within given locations-of-interest was determined by calculating time-frequency plots using a Morlet wavelet transform.

Habitual physical activity levels are positively correlated with CD4 counts in an HIV-positive South African population.

In order to assess the relationship between CD4 cell count, habitual physical activity levels and functional independence in a South African adult population positive for HIV, we administered a questionnaire concerning lifestyle and physical activity. Data collection took place at an antiretroviral (ARV) roll-out site at Helen Joseph Hospital, Johannesburg. The study involved 186 HIV-positive outpatients (47 male and 139 female), with a mean age of 35.

Bring "order" to diabetes management.

Improve inpatient glycemic control using standardized order sets.

The tumor suppressors Brat and Numb regulate transit-amplifying neuroblast lineages in Drosophila.

In both vertebrates and insects, neurons typically arise from neural stem cells or terminally dividing intermediate progenitors. Here, we describe another mode of neurogenesis where neural stem cells generate secondary precursors that undergo multiple rounds of self-renewing transit-amplifying divisions. We identify the Posterior Asense-Negative (PAN) neuroblasts, which do not express the transcription factors Asense or Prospero.

A genome-wide transgenic RNAi library for conditional gene inactivation in Drosophila.

Forward genetic screens in model organisms have provided important insights into numerous aspects of development, physiology and pathology. With the availability of complete genome sequences and the introduction of RNA-mediated gene interference (RNAi), systematic reverse genetic screens are now also possible. Until now, such genome-wide RNAi screens have mostly been restricted to cultured cells and ubiquitous gene inactivation in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Dorsal stream associations with orthographic and phonological processing.

Several studies have indicated a key role for dorsal stream processing in lexical decoding. To examine this relationship further, performance on orthographic and phonological reading tests was compared with both steady-state visual evoked potentials and a putative behavioral measure of dorsal stream processing, coherent motion detection. Frequency analysis of the visual evoked potential data showed power at the second harmonic to be largely confined to dorsal stream regions, and significantly correlated with motion detection thresholds.

Magnocellular mediated visual-spatial attention and reading ability.

This study explores the relationship between attentional processing mediated by visual magnocellular (MC) processing and reading ability. Reading ability in a group of primary school children was compared to performance on a visual cued coherent motion detection task. The results showed that a brief spatial cue was more effective in drawing attention either away or towards a visual target in the group of readers ranked in the upper 25% of the sample compared to lower ranked readers.

Can the magnocellular pathway read? Evidence from studies of color.

A review of the neurophysiological literature suggests that the magnocellular pathway has adequate spatial-frequency and contrast sensitivity to perceive text under normal contrast conditions (>10%) and also is suppressed by red light. Results from three experiments involving color and reading show that red light impairs reading performance under normal luminance contrast conditions. However in a fourth experiment, isoluminant color text, designed to selectively activate the parvocellular pathway, is easier to read under red light.

Preparation of unsymmetrical sulfonylureas from N,N'-sulfuryldiimidazoles.

The synthetic methods reported in the literature for the preparation of sulfonylureas tend to be restricted in scope or unsuitable for use in parallel synthesis. We have developed a method for preparing sterically congested sulfonylureas based on N,N'-sulfuryldiimidazole that is both convenient and amenable to parallel synthesis. Sequential activation by way of alkylation of the imidazole group using methyl triflate followed by nucleophilic displacement with a variety of amines and anilines afford the unsymmetrical sulfonylurea.

Estimated economic costs of obesity to U.S. business.

Objective: To estimate the economic costs of obesity to U.S. business.

Risky business: managing the health care of urban low-income families.

The article examines the managed care movement and its threat of neglecting the public health needs of particular populations. Case studies and service parameters of an urban perinatal home visiting program exemplify the health and illness needs of low-income families and the urgent need for nursing representation at managed care planning forums. Client, provider, planner, and environmental characteristics that will contribute to the financial risks or health successes of managed care organizations are discussed.

"But I know my man!" HIV/AIDS risk appraisals and heuristical reasoning patterns among childbearing women.

This exploratory study examined HIV/AIDS risk appraisals, life-style choices, and heuristical reasoning patterns reported by 105 urban childbearing women. The availability heuristic was the strategy most frequently described by participants to distance themselves from the risks of having or getting HIV/AIDS within the social and communal context of their lives. The findings suggest that objective (provider) and subjective (client) interpretations of HIV/AIDS risks should be incorporated into pragmatic prevention programs initiated by nurses.