Improving role allocation for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the emergency department: a quality improvement project.

Introduction: In any healthcare setting, cardiopulmonary resuscitations (CPRs) stand out as demanding and chaotic resuscitation endeavours. Emergency departments (EDs) witness a significant volume of CPRs. Given the critical nature of CPR, content knowledge and procedural skills alone fall short in delivering optimal care.

Law matters - assessment of country-level code implementation and sales of breastmilk substitutes in South Asia.

Objectives: This study examines the status of implementation of the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes of eight countries in the South Asia region (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka), and describes the sales value and volume of commercial milk formula (CMF) marketed as breastmilk substitutes (BMS) and baby food in four countries (Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka).

Design: A mix of descriptive methods is used to assess national status of Code implementation, including a desk review of the 2022 WHO/UNICEF/IBFAN Code Status Report, systematic content analysis of national Code measures, and insights generated from the participation of key government and UNICEF/WHO actors in a regional workshop that aimed to identify each country's barriers, gaps, and the status of Code implementation. Data on the sales value and volume of CMF and baby food between 2007 to 2021 and with the prediction to 2026 in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka were obtained from Global Data.

Routine clinical chemistry and haematological test reference intervals for healthy adults in the Bhutanese population.

Laboratory medicine plays a critical role in the modern healthcare system, and it is reported to influence 60-70% of clinical decision makings. The quantitative laboratory test results are interpreted by comparing to the Reference Intervals (RIs) and therefore the use of appropriate RIs is critical. Clinical laboratories in Bhutan have been randomly using RIs from textbooks and manufacturer's package inserts without even verifying their applicability and therefore lessening their contribution to clinical decision makings.

Alcohol policy compliance among retailers in Bhutan: a multisite community intervention study.

Background: Alcohol use is a major public health problem in Bhutan. Compliance with regulations at the point of sale is an important strategy in alcohol control. Retail outlets were briefed on sale regulations and provided notification of rules, which they were directed to display on the premises.

Bronchial Artery Embolization in Life-Threatening Hemoptysis: Outcome and Predictive Factors.

Purpose: To determine the outcome and predictive factors of clinical success of bronchial artery embolization in life-threatening hemoptysis.

Material And Methods: We reviewed all bronchial artery embolization procedures performed for life-threatening hemoptysis between January 2008 and December 2018. The outcomes and predictive factors of clinical success following embolization were evaluated.

The effect of ultrasound or phonophoresis as an adjuvant treatment for non-specific neck pain: systematic review of randomised controlled trials.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of ultrasound/phonophoresis as an adjuvant to exercise or manual therapy for the improvement of patient-centred outcomes in adults with non-specific neck pain (NSNP).

Methods: Seven electronic databases were systematically searched up to September 2020. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to judge the Quality of Evidence (QoE).

Leadership and management competencies required for Bhutanese primary health care managers in reforming the district health system.

Objective: This study aims to identify the required management competencies, current competency levels, and strategies for improving the management competencies of Bhutanese primary health care (PHC) managers.

Methods: A quantitative method with a cross-sectional survey using self-administered questionnaires. This study recruited 339 PHC managers across Bhutan.

Towards the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in Bhutan: A cost-utility analysis to determine the optimal policy option.

Background: Due to competing health priorities and limited resources, many low-income countries, even those with a high disease burden, are not able to introduce pneumococcal conjugate vaccines.

Objective: To determine the cost-utility of 10- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV10 and PCV13) compared to no vaccination in Bhutan.

Methods: A model-based cost-utility analysis was performed in the Bhutanese context using a government perspective.

Ecological status of high altitude medicinal plants and their sustainability: Lingshi, Bhutan.

Background: Human beings use plants for a multitude of purposes of which a prominent one across the globe is for their medicinal values. Medicinal plants serve as one of the major sources of income for high altitude inhabitants in the Himalaya, particularly in countries like Nepal, and Bhutan. People here harvest huge volumes of medicinal plants indiscriminately, risking their sustainability.

Assessment of the genetic variability amongst mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) accessions in Bhutan using AFLP markers.

Background: Bhutan is a small Himalayan country lying within the region considered to be the origin of citrus. Diverse citrus wild types grow naturally in different climates, elevations and edaphic conditions, but only mandarin is cultivated commercially. The first report of Huanglongbing (also known as greening disease) in Bhutan in 2003, and the threat it posed to the country's citrus orchards prompted the collection of mandarin germplasm from across the country.