Problematic social media use is associated with depression and similar to behavioral addictions: Physiological and behavioral evidence.

While many studies have examined the relationship between problematic social media use (PSMU) and mental health disorders, little is known about reward responsiveness mechanisms that might be driving this relationship and the neurophysiological characteristics of PSMU. We surveyed 96 undergraduate students at a private liberal arts college in upstate NY. PSMU was assessed using the Social Media Disorder Scale.

Bi-directional Refractive Compensation for With-the-Rule and Against-the-Rule Astigmatism in Young Adults.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the short-term effect of imposing astigmatism on the refractive states of young adults.

Methods: Nineteen visually healthy low-astigmatic young adults (age = 20.94 ± 0.

Lack of serological evidence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in virus exposed camel abattoir workers in Nigeria, 2016.

BackgroundMiddle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a zoonotic threat of global public health concern and dromedary camels are the source of zoonotic infection. Although MERS-CoV is enzootic in dromedaries in Africa as well as the Middle East, zoonotic disease has not been reported in Africa. : In an abattoir in Kano, Nigeria, we tested nasal swabs from camels and investigated 261 humans with repeated occupational exposure to camels, many of whom also reported drinking fresh camel milk (n = 138) or urine (n = 94) or using camel urine for medicinal purposes (n = 96).

Selective hippocampal lesions impair acquisition of appetitive trace conditioning with long intertrial and long trace intervals.

Whereas hippocampal lesions clearly impair performance on aversive trace conditioning tasks, recent evidence suggests that such lesions do not affect performance on appetitive trace conditioning tasks with trace intervals from 2 seconds up to 20 seconds. The current study first demonstrated that intact rats can learn trace conditioning tasks with longer trace intervals (8 s) when the average intertrial interval (intertrial interval [ITI]) was lengthened from 150-s to 300-s. In two subsequent experiments with longer ITIs (420-s and 825-s), hippocampal-lesioned rats performed similarly to intact controls in an appetitive trace conditioning task with 20-s trace interval but were impaired in an appetitive trace conditioning task with a 60-s trace interval.

Hippocampal lesions impair retention of discriminative responding based on energy state cues.

The present research investigated the hypothesis that the hippocampus is involved with the control of appetitive behavior by interoceptive "hunger" and "satiety" signals. Rats were trained to solve a food deprivation intensity discrimination problem in which stimuli produced by 0-hr and 24-hr food deprivation served as discriminative cues for the delivery of sucrose pellets. For Group 0+, sucrose pellets were delivered at the conclusion of each 4-min session that took place under 0-hr food deprivation, whereas no pellets were delivered during sessions that took place when the rats had been food deprived for 24 hr.

Contributions of the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex to energy and body weight regulation.

The effects of selective ibotenate lesions of the complete hippocampus (CHip), the hippocampal ventral pole (VP), or the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in male rats were assessed on several measures related to energy regulation (i.e., body weight gain, food intake, body adiposity, metabolic activity, general behavioral activity, conditioned appetitive responding).

Effects of fluoxetine on hippocampal-dependent and hippocampal-independent learning tasks.

It is generally assumed that fluoxetine does not produce cognitive impairments, based on observations that fluoxetine-treated animals do not show impairment in learning the spatial water-maze task. As fluoxetine has different effects on different brain regions and as learning is not a unitary phenomenon, it may be the case that fluoxetine has different effects on different types of learning and memory paradigms. In this study, 15 male Sprague-Dawley rats were given chronic injections of either fluoxetine or saline and received training in two hippocampal-independent tasks in addition to a spatial water-maze task.