The Maka femur and its bearing on the antiquity of human walking: applying contemporary concepts of morphogenesis to the human fossil record.

MAK-VP-1/1, a proximal femur recovered from the Maka Sands (ca. 3.4 mya) of the Middle Awash, Ethiopia, and attributed to Australopithecus afarensis, is described in detail.

Association of bladder exstrophy with congenital pathology of the hip and lumbosacral spine: a long-term follow-up study of 13 patients.

The authors evaluated, clinically and radiographically, 13 of 28 patients with bladder exstrophy treated at their institution between 1964 and 1982. All had been treated with bilateral iliac osteotomies and pelvic rami reapproximation to assist in urologic repair. At skeletal maturity, the diastasis had partially recurred and the patients had short stature and were living normal lives.