Au@Pd core-shell nanoparticle conjugated to trastuzumab for the therapy of HER2+ cancers: studies on the applicability of Pd/Ag in vivo generator in combined β auger electron therapy.

Background: In radionuclide therapy, to enhance therapeutic efficacy, an intriguing alternative is to ensure the simultaneous implementation of low- and high-LET radiation emitted from a one radionuclide. In the present study, we introduce the concept of utilizing Pd (T = 13.7 h) in the form of a Pd/Ag in vivo generator.

Improvement of the Effectiveness of HER2+ Cancer Therapy by Use of Doxorubicin and Trastuzumab Modified Radioactive Gold Nanoparticles.

In the present article, we describe a multimodal radiobioconjugate that contains a chemotherapeutic agent (doxorubicin, DOX), a β-emitter (Au), and a guiding vector (trastuzumab, Tmab) for targeted therapy of cancers overexpressing HER2 receptors. To achieve this goal, radioactive gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with a mean diameter of 30 nm were synthesized and coated with a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) linker conjugated to DOX and monoclonal antibody (Tmab) via peptide bond formation. In vitro experiments demonstrated a high affinity of the radiobioconjugate to HER2 receptors and cell internalization.

Platinum nanoparticles labelled with iodine-125 for combined "chemo-Auger electron" therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Convenient therapeutic protocols against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) exhibit low treatment effectiveness, especially in the context of long-term effects, which is primarily related to late diagnosis and high tumor heterogeneity. Current trends in medicine concern combined therapy to achieve new powerful tools against the most aggressive diseases. When designing modern, multimodal therapeutics, it is necessary to look for alternative routes of specific drug delivery to the cell, its selective (with respect to the tumor) activity and multidirectional action, enhancing the therapeutic effect.

Multimodal Radiobioconjugates of Magnetic Nanoparticles Labeled with Sc and Sc for Theranostic Application.

This study was performed to synthesize multimodal radiopharmaceutical designed for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. To achieve this goal, superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles were used as a platform for targeting molecule (PSMA-617) and for complexation of two scandium radionuclides, Sc for PET imaging and Sc for radionuclide therapy. TEM and XPS images showed that the FeO NPs have a uniform cubic shape and a size from 38 to 50 nm.

Doxorubicin- and Trastuzumab-Modified Gold Nanoparticles as Potential Multimodal Agents for Targeted Therapy of HER2+ Cancers.

Recently, targeted nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted much attention in cancer treatment due to their high potential as carriers for drug delivery. In this article, we present a novel bioconjugate (DOX-AuNPs-Tmab) consisting of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs, 30 nm) attached to chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DOX) and a monoclonal antibody, trastuzumab (Tmab), which exhibited specific binding to HER2 receptors. The size and shape of synthesized AuNPs, as well as their surface modification, were analyzed by the TEM (transmission electron microscopy) and DLS (dynamic light scattering) methods.

Au-Coated Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Dual Magnetic Hyperthermia and Radionuclide Therapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

This study was performed to synthesize a radiopharmaceutical designed for multimodal hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment involving radionuclide therapy and magnetic hyperthermia. To achieve this goal, the superparamagnetic iron oxide (magnetite) nanoparticles (SPIONs) were covered with a layer of radioactive gold (Au) creating core-shell nanoparticles (SPION@Au). The synthesized SPION@Au nanoparticles exhibited superparamagnetic properties with a saturation magnetization of 50 emu/g, which is lower than reported for uncoated SPIONs (83 emu/g).

Oxidative Status as an Attribute for Selective Antitumor Activity of Platinum-Containing Nanoparticles against Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Overcoming the limitations for efficient and selective drug delivery is one of the most challenging obstacles for newly designed anticancer agents. In this study, we present two types of platinum-based nanoparticles (NP), ultrasmall 2 nm PtNPs and core-shell 30 nm Au@Pt, which can be highly cytotoxic in an oxidative environment and remain biologically inactive in cells with lower oxidative status. Our research highlighted the differences in platinum nanoparticle-induced chemotoxicity and is the first study examining its mechanism as a substantial aspect of Au@Pt/PtNPs biological activity.

Cubosomal Lipid Formulation for Combination Cancer Treatment: Delivery of a Chemotherapeutic Agent and Complexed α-Particle Emitter Bi.

Here, we propose tailored lipid liquid-crystalline carriers (cubosomes), which incorporate an anticancer drug (doxorubicin) and complexed short-lived α-emitter (bismuth-213), as a strategy to obtain more effective action toward the cancer cells. Cubosomes were formulated with doxorubicin (DOX) and an amphiphilic ligand (DOTAGA-OA), which forms stable complexes with Bi radionuclide. The behavior of DOX incorporated into the carrier together with the chelating agent was investigated, and the drug liberation profile was determined.

Hybrid System for Local Drug Delivery and Magnetic Hyperthermia Based on SPIONs Loaded with Doxorubicin and Epirubicin.

Cancer is one of the most common causes of death worldwide, thus new solutions in anticancer therapies are highly sought after. In this work, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) conjugated with anticancer drugs are synthesized and investigated as potential magnetic drug nanocarriers for local drug delivery and mild magnetic hyperthermia. We have obtained a hybrid system loaded with holmium and anticancer drugs and thoroughly studied it with respect to the size, morphology, surface modifications and magnetic properties, and interactions with the model of biological membranes, cytotoxicity.

Lipidic Cubic-Phase Nanoparticles (Cubosomes) Loaded with Doxorubicin and Labeled with Lu as a Potential Tool for Combined Chemo and Internal Radiotherapy for Cancers.

Lipid liquid-crystalline nanoparticles (cubosomes) were used for the first time as a dual-modality drug delivery system for internal radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy. Monoolein (GMO)-based cubosomes were prepared by loading the anticancer drug, doxorubicin and a commonly used radionuclide, low-energy beta (β)-emitter, Lu. The radionuclide was complexed with a long chain derivative of DOTAGA (DOTAGA-OA).

Nanoparticles in Targeted Alpha Therapy.

Recent advances in the field of nanotechnology application in nuclear medicine offer the promise of better therapeutic options. In recent years, increasing efforts have been made on developing nanoconstructs that can be used as carriers for immobilising alpha (α)-emitters in targeted drug delivery. In this publication, we provide a comprehensive overview of available information on functional nanomaterials for targeted alpha therapy.