Tumor location matters, next generation sequencing mutation profiling of left-sided, rectal, and right-sided colorectal tumors in 552 patients.

Despite the introduction of new molecular classifications, advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) is treated with chemotherapy supplemented with anti-EGFR and anti-VEGF targeted therapy. In this study, 552 CRC cases with different primary tumor locations (250 left side, 190 rectum, and 112 right side) were retrospectively analyzed by next generation sequencing for mutations in 50 genes. The most frequently mutated genes were TP53 in left-sided tumors compared to right-sided tumors and BRAF in right-sided tumors compared to left-sided tumors.

CD276 as a Candidate Target for Immunotherapy in Medullary Thyroid Cancer.

Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a rare malignancy, and the treatment of metastatic MTC is challenging. In previous work, immune profiling (RNA-Seq) of MTC identified CD276 as a potential target for immunotherapy. CD276 expression was 3-fold higher in MTC cells than in normal tissues.

A Significance of Concomitant BRAF and TERT Mutations in Polish Patients with Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma: A Retrospective Cohort Study Based on 430 Cases.

The incidence of papillary thyroid cancer is increasing worldwide due to more frequent pathological detection of papillary thyroid microcarcinomas (PTMC), which are cancers measuring 1 cm or less in diameter. In rare cases, the course of PTMC can be aggressive, with an increased risk of recurrence/persistent disease. The aim of this study of Polish patients diagnosed with PTMC was to assess the impact of concomitant B-type Raf kinas-activating mutation in codon 600 of exon 15 () and telomerase reverse transcriptase () hotspot mutations on clinicopathological features, response to treatment, potential recurrence, and the final outcome.

Immune Profiling of Medullary Thyroid Cancer-An Opportunity for Immunotherapy.

Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a rare malignancy that arises from calcitonin-producing C-cells. Curative treatment for patients with metastatic MTC is challenging. Identifying the mechanisms by which cancer cells inhibit the activity of immune cells provides an opportunity to develop new therapies that restore anticancer activity.

Late-Onset Medullary Thyroid Cancer in a Patient with a Germline Codon C634R Mutation.

: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A) is a rare, hereditary syndrome resulting from a germline mutation in the proto-oncogene and characterized primarily by medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), pheochromocytoma (PHEO), and hyperparathyroidism. Types of mutation have been associated with age at onset, clinical outcomes of MTC, and the penetrance of other components. Patients classified as 'high-risk' by the American Thyroid Association (ATA), based on the aggressiveness of MTC and the penetrance of other components, are recommended to undergo early prophylactic thyroidectomy at age ≤ 5 years and to be screened for PHEO at age ≥ 11 years.