The impact of a tailored nutrition intervention delivered for the duration of hospitalisation on daily energy delivery for patients with critical illness (INTENT): a phase II randomised controlled trial.

Background: Nutrition interventions commenced in ICU and continued through to hospital discharge have not been definitively tested in critical care to date. To commence a program of research, we aimed to determine if a tailored nutrition intervention delivered for the duration of hospitalisation delivers more energy than usual care to patients initially admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU).

Methods: A multicentre, unblinded, parallel-group, phase II trial was conducted in twenty-two hospitals in Australia and New Zealand.

Examining fundamental nursing textbooks for inclusivity and exclusivity content: A directed qualitative content analysis.

Background: Growing awareness of social inequities and injustices in education highlights the urgent need to address harmful mechanisms, policies, and norms within health education curricula and systems.

Purpose: This study examines inclusivity and exclusivity content in four fundamental nursing textbooks and contributes to the broader discourse on fostering equitable health education.

Methods: A Directed Qualitative Content Analysis on 32 chapters from four fundamental nursing textbooks was systematically conducted.

Onward transmission of measles virus among vaccinated cases in a large community outbreak in Auckland, New Zealand, 2019.

Background: Isolation of cases and quarantining of non-immune contacts are the mainstay of measles outbreak management in elimination settings. Serology testing of exposed contacts may not be feasible in large outbreaks; therefore, vaccination history is used as a proxy for determining immunity to measles and thus prevention of onward virus transmission. This study sought to investigate the risk of measles virus transmission from individuals with a history of one or two doses of measles-containing vaccine (MCV).

Acculturation Stress Magnifies Child Depression Effect of Stressful Life Events for Latinx Youth 3 Years Later.

Introduction: Experiences of stressful life events (SLEs) during childhood are associated with greater risk for youth psychopathology. Although SLEs are reported in greater frequency by Latinx families, Latinx populations remain largely absent in the SLE literature. Furthermore, Latinx populations face added stressors related to socio-political climate, acculturation, and racism and discrimination.

A pilot study of virtual Harm Reduction Talking Circles for American Indian and Alaska Native adults with alcohol use disorder.

Prior research suggests that culturally aligned, accessible and lower-barrier interventions are well-placed to align with the needs of American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) people with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Taking into account community members' suggestions and the need for physical distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic, our team developed a protocol for virtual Harm Reduction Talking Circles (HaRTC) to incorporate these points. The aims of this 8-week, single-arm pilot were to initially document feasibility, acceptability, and outcomes associated with attendance at virtual HaRTC, which integrates the accessibility of virtual connection, a lower-barrier harm-reduction approach, and a culturally aligned intervention.

Post-Roe v Wade psychiatry: legal, clinical, and ethical challenges in psychiatry under abortion bans.

In recent history, the world has witnessed a trend towards liberalization of abortion laws driven by an increasing understanding of the negative personal and public health consequences of criminalizing abortion. By contrast, several countries have recently implemented restrictive reproductive laws, joining the 112 countries where access to abortion care is banned completely or with narrow exceptions. On June 24, 2022, the US Supreme Court ruling in Dobbs v Jackson Women's Health Organization overturned its landmark decisions in Roe v Wade that established abortion until the point of viability of the fetus as a constitutional right.

Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Prediction of Chiari Malformation Type 1 Recurrence After Posterior Fossa Decompressive Surgery.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to train a deep learning-based method for the prediction of postoperative recurrence of symptoms in Chiari malformation type 1 (CM1) patients undergoing surgery. Studies suggest that certain radiological and clinical features do exist in patients with treatment failure, though these are inconsistent and poorly defined. Methodology This study was a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent primary surgical intervention for CM1 from January 2010 to May 2020.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Return to Sport after Injury Scale (ACL-RSI) Scores over Time After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis.

Background: Psychological readiness is an important consideration for athletes and clinicians when making return to sport decisions following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). To improve our understanding of the extent of deficits in psychological readiness, a systematic review is necessary.

Objective: To investigate psychological readiness (measured via the Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Return to Sport after Injury scale (ACL-RSI)) over time after ACL tear and understand if time between injury and surgery, age, and sex are associated with ACL-RSI scores.

Assessing men with opioid use disorder for testosterone deficiency after the development of symptoms.

Objective: Individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) have reduced life expectancy and inferior outcomes when treated for depression, diabetes, and fractures. Their elevated risk of testosterone deficiency may contribute to all of these relationships, however few individuals prescribed opioids are evaluated with testosterone assays. The purpose of this study is to determine whether patients with opioid use disorder are evaluated for testosterone deficiency after development of a symptom that may merit investigation, such as erectile dysfunction (ED).

Development and Evaluation of a Digital App for Patient Self-Management of Opioid Use Disorder: Usability, Acceptability, and Utility Study.

Background: Self-management of opioid use disorder (OUD) is an important component of treatment. Many patients receiving opioid agonist treatment in methadone maintenance treatment settings benefit from counseling treatments to help them improve their recovery skills but have insufficient access to these treatments between clinic appointments. In addition, many addiction medicine clinicians treating patients with OUD in a general medical clinic setting do not have consistent access to counseling referrals for their patients.

Enhancing massed prolonged exposure with cannabidiol to improve posttraumatic stress disorder: Design and methodology of a pilot randomized clinical trial.

Background: The impact of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is substantial and often results in pervasive functional impairments. Although evidence-based treatments for PTSD are established, there remains room for improvement as many individuals continue to meet diagnostic criteria even after successful treatment completion. Cannabidiol (CBD) has attracted considerable attention based on its potential to treat a myriad of health conditions.

Preliminary Study on the Efficacy of a Recombinant, Subunit SARS-CoV-2 Animal Vaccine against Virulent SARS-CoV-2 Challenge in Cats.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a recombinant, subunit SARS-CoV-2 animal vaccine in cats against virulent SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Two groups of cats were immunized with two doses of either a recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein vaccine or a placebo, administered three weeks apart. Seven weeks after the second vaccination, both groups of cats were challenged with SARS-CoV-2 via the intranasal and oral routes simultaneously.

The Life Cycle of Orofacial Cleft Operations.

Patients with cleft lip and palate must undergo various surgical interventions at appropriate times to achieve optimal outcomes. While guidelines for the timing of these operations are well known, it has not yet been described if national surgical practice reflects these recommendations. This study evaluates whether orofacial operations are performed in time frames that align with advised timing.

Infection Management for the Hand Surgeon.

Infections of the upper extremity can be challenging to diagnose and treat because of the complex anatomy and range of offending pathogens. Early recognition of infections that require an emergent surgical intervention, such as necrotizing fasciitis and septic joints, is imperative for good clinical outcomes. In addition, prompt diagnosis and intervention for deep closed space infections, such as deep abscesses or flexor tenosynovitis, is necessary to avoid chronic pain and dysfunction.

Circadian patterns of heart rate variability in fetal sheep after hypoxia-ischaemia: A biomarker of evolving brain injury.

Hypoxia-ischaemia (HI) before birth is a key risk factor for stillbirth and severe neurodevelopmental disability in survivors, including cerebral palsy, although there are no reliable biomarkers to detect at risk fetuses that may have suffered a transient period of severe HI. We investigated time and frequency domain measures of fetal heart rate variability (FHRV) for 3 weeks after HI in preterm fetal sheep at 0.7 gestation (equivalent to preterm humans) until 0.

Nutrition delivery across hospitalisation in critically ill patients with COVID-19: An observational study of the Australian experience.

Background: Data on nutrition delivery over the whole hospital admission in critically ill patients with COVID-19 are scarce, particularly in the Australian setting.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to describe nutrition delivery in critically ill patients admitted to Australian intensive care units (ICUs) with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with a focus on post-ICU nutrition practices.

Methods: A multicentre observational study conducted at nine sites included adult patients with a positive COVID-19 diagnosis admitted to the ICU for >24 h and discharged to an acute ward over a 12-month recruitment period from 1 March 2020.

Love, health, and the 'hood: An examination of romantic relationship adjustment and perceived neighborhood quality as predictors of partnered Black Americans' long-term psychological health.

Existing disparities regarding Black Americans' psychological health warrant further investigation of socioecological factors that may be associated with negative and positive dimensions of psychological health in this population. Romantic relationship functioning and neighborhood context are two domains relevant to Black Americans' mental health. However, less is known about how they may serve as independent and interactive prospective predictors of Black Americans' psychological health and potentially in distinctive ways for Black men and women.

Ability of Countermovement Jumps to Detect Bilateral Asymmetry in Hip and Knee Strength in Elite Youth Soccer Players.

Clinicians frequently assess asymmetry in strength, flexibility, and performance characteristics as a method of screening for potential musculoskeletal injury. The identification of asymmetry in countermovement jumps may be an ideal method to reveal asymmetry in other lower extremity characteristics such as strength that otherwise may require additional testing, potentially reducing the time and burden on both the athlete and clinicians. The present study aims to examine the ability of asymmetry in both the single-leg and two-leg countermovement jump tests to accurately detect hip abduction, hip adduction, and eccentric hamstring strength asymmetry.