Rates and risk factors for relapse among children recovered from severe acute malnutrition in Mali, South Sudan, and Somalia: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Community-based management of acute malnutrition is an effective treatment model for severe acute malnutrition. However, sparse evidence exists on post-discharge outcomes and the sustainability of recovery. This study aimed to evaluate the risk and determinants of relapse following severe acute malnutrition recovery in high-burden settings.

Self-Reported Comfort and Use of Tobacco Cessation Interventions by Healthcare Providers.

Background The effects of tobacco use create a significant burden on the American healthcare system. The U.S.

Machine learning models for diagnosis and risk prediction in eating disorders, depression, and alcohol use disorder.

Background: Early diagnosis and treatment of mental illnesses is hampered by the lack of reliable markers. This study used machine learning models to uncover diagnostic and risk prediction markers for eating disorders (EDs), major depressive disorder (MDD), and alcohol use disorder (AUD).

Methods: Case-control samples (aged 18-25 years), including participants with Anorexia Nervosa (AN), Bulimia Nervosa (BN), MDD, AUD, and matched controls, were used for diagnostic classification.

Frontal White Matter Changes and Craving Recovery in Inpatients With Heroin Use Disorder.

Importance: Amidst an unprecedented opioid epidemic, identifying neurobiological correlates of change with medication-assisted treatment of heroin use disorder is imperative. White matter impairments in individuals with heroin use disorder (HUD) have been associated with drug craving, a reliable predictor of treatment outcomes; however, little is known about structural connectivity changes with inpatient treatment and abstinence in individuals with HUD.

Objective: To assess white matter microstructure and associations with drug craving changes with inpatient treatment in individuals with HUD (effects of time and rescan compared with controls).

Patient-reported outcomes of Children with an Anorectal Malformation.

Objective: We aimed to study the impact of anorectal malformation (ARM) type and sacral ratio on continence outcomes in children. We secondarily aimed to compare continence outcomes by age group and determine quality of life (QoL) with different bowel regimens.

Summary Background Data: Children with ARM experience dysfunctional stooling into adulthood.

Predictors of outcome following psychological therapy for depression and anxiety in an urban primary care service: a naturalistic Bayesian prediction modeling approach.

Background: England's primary care service for psychological therapy (Improving Access to Psychological Therapies [IAPT]) treats anxiety and depression, with a target recovery rate of 50%. Identifying the characteristics of patients who achieve recovery may assist in optimizing future treatment. This naturalistic cohort study investigated pre-therapy characteristics as predictors of recovery and improvement after IAPT therapy.

Recruitment and retention strategies to promote research engagement among caregivers and their children: A scoping review.

Long-term health and developmental impact after opioid and other substance exposures is unclear. There is an urgent need for well-designed, prospective, long-term observational studies. The HEALthy Brain and Child Development Study aims to address this need.

What Clinicians Think About When They Think About Sepsis: Results From a Survey Across the University of Maryland Medical System.

Importance: Sepsis, a leading cause of death in the hospital, is a heterogeneous syndrome without a defined or specific set of symptoms.

Objectives: We conducted a survey of clinicians in practice to understand which clinical findings they tend to associate with sepsis.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A survey was distributed to physicians and advanced practice providers across a multihospital health system during April 2022 and May 2022 querying likelihood of suspecting sepsis and initiating sepsis care in response to various normal and abnormal clinical findings.

Motivational interviewing for students in school settings: A meta-analysis.

Motivational Interviewing (MI) is a brief counseling intervention with demonstrated efficacy in ameliorating unhealthy habits across populations, behaviors, and settings. Although prior research underscores its benefit with adolescents, a comprehensive examination of its application in school settings remains unexplored. Therefore, the primary aim of the present meta-analysis was to calculate the average estimated effect of all studies examining the use of MI with students in school settings.

Differences in Ancestry and Presence of Gastric Precursor Lesions in Individuals With Young- and Average-Onset Gastric Cancer.

Background: There has been a paradoxical rise in young-onset gastric cancer (YOGC), defined as gastric cancer (GC) diagnosed before age 50. Precursor lesions may contribute to pathogenesis, though their role in progression to different histologic subtypes is unclear. The impact of self-reported race is also poorly characterized and may be unreliable as a proxy for genetic differences.

Can Exposure Therapy Be Effective for Persistent Post-Concussion Symptoms? A Nonconcurrent Multiple Baseline Design Across 4 Cases.

Objective: After a concussion, some patients develop persistent post-concussion symptoms, which interferes with functioning in daily life. A biopsychosocial explanation for the development and continuation of persistent post-concussion symptoms is the fear avoidance model (FAM). This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness and feasibility of an individual 14-week exposure therapy for patients with persistent symptoms after concussion.

Sex and hormonal effects on drug cue-reactivity and its regulation in human addiction.

Objective: To study the sex and hormonal effects on cortico-striatal engagement during drug cue-reactivity and its regulation focusing on drug reappraisal.

Methods: Forty-nine men (age=41.96±9.

Processable Coordination Polymer Inks for Highly Conductive and Robust Coatings.

The unique properties and processability of conducting and semiconducting organic materials have fascinated scientists since their discovery. Of this broad class of materials, conductive coordination polymers are of immense recent interest due to their innate modularity and tunability. However, these materials are typically generated as powders and, in some cases, single crystals which significantly limits possible processing and many applications.

The Bidirectional Relationship Between Cardiovascular Medications and Oral and Gut Microbiome Health: A Comprehensive Review.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of widespread morbidity and mortality. It has been found that the gut and oral microbiomes differ in individuals with CVDs compared to healthy individuals. Patients with CVDs often require long-term pharmacological interventions.

An Easily Accessible, Semi-Automated Approach to Creating Personalized Normative Feedback and Risk Feedback Graphics.

Objective: Personalized normative feedback interventions show efficacy in reducing health risk behaviors (e.g., alcohol use, sexual aggression).

Tele-Ultrasound in the Wilderness: A Tutorial Experience for Medical Students.

Introduction: Providers can evaluate patients who sustain trauma during outdoor activities by using the extended focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) and the limited knee ultrasound. Remote tele-mentored ultrasound (RTMUS) can help minimally trained providers in the wilderness if they have difficulty obtaining a view or have questions about the interpretation of an image. The goal of our study was to determine the feasibility of using RTMUS to teach the FAST exam and knee ultrasound exam to ultrasound-naive medical students during a wilderness medicine outdoor activity.

Managing non-traumatic musculoskeletal conditions presenting to emergency departments: Do patient profiles vary between a physiotherapy-led 'Diversion' pathway and routine care?

Background: Low urgency, non-traumatic musculoskeletal presentations are common in emergency departments. Although care is safe, it is expensive, and low priority. Pathways diverting these patients from emergency departments to physiotherapy care may improve hospital outcomes.

Sequence modeling and design from molecular to genome scale with Evo.

The genome is a sequence that encodes the DNA, RNA, and proteins that orchestrate an organism's function. We present Evo, a long-context genomic foundation model with a frontier architecture trained on millions of prokaryotic and phage genomes, and report scaling laws on DNA to complement observations in language and vision. Evo generalizes across DNA, RNA, and proteins, enabling zero-shot function prediction competitive with domain-specific language models and the generation of functional CRISPR-Cas and transposon systems, representing the first examples of protein-RNA and protein-DNA codesign with a language model.

Surface Plasmons in Two-Dimensional MXenes.

MXenes, a class of layered two-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides, exhibit excellent optoelectronic properties and show promise for fields ranging from photonics and communications to energy storage and catalysis. Some members of the MXene family are metallic and exhibit large in-plane conductivity, making them possibly suited for 2D plasmonics. The highly variable chemical structure of MXenes offers a broad chemical space to tune material properties for plasmonic applications, including plasmon-enhanced catalysis, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and electromagnetic shielding.

Leveraging Social Determinants of Health to Enhance Recruitment of Underrepresented Populations in Clinical Trials.

Historically marginalized communities are disproportionately affected by cardiometabolic diseases yet are underrepresented in clinical trials that investigate needed interventions. This review investigates the barriers to equitable inclusion in clinical trials, identifying opportunities for improvement at the institutional, trial, community, and individual level. It proposes a social determinants-based approach that serves as a toolkit to target these barriers using structural, economic, community, healthcare access, and technology solutions, supporting constructive improvement in the clinical trial recruitment process.

Spatiotemporal modeling of molecular holograms.

Quantifying spatiotemporal dynamics during embryogenesis is crucial for understanding congenital diseases. We developed Spateo (https://github.com/aristoteleo/spateo-release), a 3D spatiotemporal modeling framework, and applied it to a 3D mouse embryogenesis atlas at E9.

Shared orbitofrontal dynamics to a drug-themed movie track craving and recovery in heroin addiction.

Movies captivate groups of individuals (the audience), especially if they contain themes of common motivational interest to the group. In drug addiction, a key mechanism is maladaptive motivational salience attribution whereby drug cues outcompete other reinforcers within the same environment or context. We predicted that while watching a drug-themed movie, where cues for drugs and other stimuli share a continuous narrative context, fMRI responses in individuals with heroin use disorder (iHUD) will preferentially synchronize during drug scenes.