Case 319: Multisystemic Smooth Muscle Dysfunction Syndrome.

A 7-year-old Chinese girl presented to a local hospital with a 5-day history of progressive right-sided hemiplegia, expressive aphasia, mild bulbar palsy, and reduced general responsiveness. At presentation, her Glasgow Coma Scale was 11/15 (E4 V1M6). Notably, she had two strokelike episodes approximately 7 and 3 months prior to the current episode, with headache, reduced movement, and numbness in the left hand.

Case 319.

A 7-year-old Chinese girl presented to a local hospital with a 5-day history of progressive right-sided hemiplegia, expressive aphasia, mild bulbar palsy, and reduced general responsiveness. At presentation, her Glasgow Coma Scale was 11/15 (E4 V1M6). Notably, she had two strokelike episodes approximately 7 and 3 months prior to the current episode, with headache, reduced movement, and numbness in the left hand.

How to Report: Hip MRI.

Writing a good magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) hip report requires a sound understanding of hip anatomy, imaging, and related pathologies. The structures of the hip most prone to pathology are the articular surfaces, labrum, subchondral bone, and gluteal tendons. Particular attention should be paid to abnormal hip morphology that is relatively common and can manifest as internal or external hip derangement.

Challenges in glucoCEST MR body imaging at 3 Tesla.

Background: The aim of this study was to translate dynamic glucose enhancement (DGE) body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based on the glucose chemical exchange saturation transfer (glucoCEST) signal to a 3 T clinical field strength.

Methods: An infusion protocol for intravenous (i.v.

Correction to: Machine learning classifiers can predict Gleason pattern 4 prostate cancer with greater accuracy than experienced radiologists.

The original version of this article, published on 11 June 2019, unfortunately contained a mistake. The following correction has therefore been made in the original: In section "Multiparametric MRI review," the readers mentioned in the first sentence were partly incorrect.

Machine learning classifiers can predict Gleason pattern 4 prostate cancer with greater accuracy than experienced radiologists.

Objective: The purpose of this study was: To test whether machine learning classifiers for transition zone (TZ) and peripheral zone (PZ) can correctly classify prostate tumors into those with/without a Gleason 4 component, and to compare the performance of the best performing classifiers against the opinion of three board-certified radiologists.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of prospectively acquired data was performed at a single center between 2012 and 2015. Inclusion criteria were (i) 3-T mp-MRI compliant with international guidelines, (ii) Likert ≥ 3/5 lesion, (iii) transperineal template ± targeted index lesion biopsy confirming cancer ≥ Gleason 3 + 3.

Pars interarticularis injury in elite athletes - The role of imaging in diagnosis and management.

Injuries of the lumbar neural arch, in particular the pars interarticularis, are widely considered to be due to abnormal bone stress secondary to repetitive loading/shearing, and are a common pathology and a main cause of lower back pain in elite athletes across a range of sports. Medical imaging plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis, monitoring and prognostication of neural arch injury. Early detection is highly desirable in the young elite athlete, as early injuries have been shown to require shorter recovery time and have a higher potential of full healing, whilst accurate grading of injury allows appropriate rehabilitation planning.

Abdominopelvic splenosis--an unusual cause of tenesmus.

Splenosis is a rare condition defined as seeding and autotransplantation of splenic tissue, typically after blunt abdominal trauma (e.g. from road traffic collision).

Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI improves accuracy for detecting focal splenic involvement in children and adolescents with Hodgkin disease.

Background: Accurate assessment of splenic disease is important for staging Hodgkin lymphoma.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess T2-weighted imaging with and without dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI for evaluation of splenic Hodgkin disease.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-one children with Hodgkin lymphoma underwent whole-body T2-weighted MRI with supplementary DCE splenic imaging, and whole-body PET-CT before and following chemotherapy.

Rapid assessment of myocardial infarct size in rodents using multi-slice inversion recovery late gadolinium enhancement CMR at 9.4T.

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) can be readily assessed using late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). Inversion recovery (IR) sequences provide the highest contrast between enhanced infarct areas and healthy myocardium. Applying such methods to small animals is challenging due to rapid respiratory and cardiac rates relative to T1 relaxation.

Amniotic fluid stem cells are cardioprotective following acute myocardial infarction.

In recent years, various types of stem cells have been characterized and their potential for cardiac regeneration has been investigated. We have previously described the isolation of broadly multipotent cells from amniotic fluid, defined as amniotic fluid stem (AFS) cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of human AFS cells (hAFS) in a model of acute myocardial infarction.

In vitro and in vivo cardiomyogenic differentiation of amniotic fluid stem cells.

Cell therapy has developed as a complementary treatment for myocardial regeneration. While both autologous and allogeneic uses have been advocated, the ideal candidate has not been identified yet. Amniotic fluid-derived stem (AFS) cells are potentially a promising resource for cell therapy and tissue engineering of myocardial injuries.

Comparison of segmentation methods for MRI measurement of cardiac function in rats.

Purpose: To establish the accuracy, intra- and inter-observer variabilities of four different segmentation methods for measuring cardiac functional parameters in healthy and infarcted rat hearts.

Materials And Methods: Six Wistar rats were imaged before and after myocardial infarction using an electrocardiogram and respiratory-gated spoiled gradient echo sequence. Blinded and randomized datasets were analyzed by various semi-automatic and manual segmentation methods to compare their measurement bias and variability.

Bone marrow mononuclear cells reduce myocardial reperfusion injury by activating the PI3K/Akt survival pathway.

Objective: Adult bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) can restore cardiac function following myocardial necrosis. Protocols used to date have administered cells relatively late after ischaemia/reperfusion injury, but there is the opportunity with elective procedures to infuse cells shortly after restoration of blood flow, for example after angioplasty. Our aim was therefore to try and quantify protection from myocardial injury by early infusion of BMMNCs in a rat ischaemia reperfusion (I/R) model.

Quantitative MRI predicts status epilepticus-induced hippocampal injury in the lithium-pilocarpine rat model.

Convulsive status epilepticus (SE) is a common medical neurological emergency and is associated with hippocampal injury and the subsequent development of epilepsy. However, pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie injury remain unclear, and a clinically useful prognostic biomarker of at-risk patients remains elusive. We hypothesised that non-invasive quantitative multi-parametric MRI characterisation of the early time course in the lithium-pilocarpine rat model would provide insight into pathophysiological processes, and may help to develop a non-invasive prognostic marker of hippocampal injury.