Changes in submaximal and maximal measures of cardio-respiratory fitness resulting from 6-days of mountain walking.

Trekking is a popular activity associated with cardiovascular benefits. The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in the submaximal heart rate, oxygen uptake, oxygen pulse, and blood lactate concentration associated with a 6-day mountain walk. Over a 12-year period, 134 male (age 21.

The oral splicing modifier RG7800 increases full length survival of motor neuron 2 mRNA and survival of motor neuron protein: Results from trials in healthy adults and patients with spinal muscular atrophy.

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare genetic and progressively debilitating neuromuscular disease. It is the leading genetic cause of death among infants. In SMA, low levels of survival of motor neuron (SMN) protein lead to motor neuron death and muscle atrophy as the SMN protein is critical to motor neuron survival.

Mechanochemical-Assisted Synthesis of High-Entropy Metal Nitride via a Soft Urea Strategy.

Crystalline high-entropy ceramics (CHC), a new class of solids that contain five or more elemental species, have attracted increasing interest because of their unique structure and potential applications. Up to now, only a couple of CHCs (e.g.

Effect of the mGluR5-NAM Basimglurant on Behavior in Adolescents and Adults with Fragile X Syndrome in a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial: FragXis Phase 2 Results.

Preclinical data suggest that inhibition of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) receptor might hold therapeutic benefits in Fragile X syndrome (FXS). Treatment of Fmr1 knockout mice with mGluR5-negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) has been reported to correct a broad range of phenotypes related to FXS. The early short-term clinical trials with mGluR5 NAMs, including basimglurant, assessing the effects in individuals with FXS, were supportive of further exploration in larger, well-controlled trials.

The role of uterine closure in the risk of uterine rupture.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of prior single-layer compared with double-layer closure on the risk of uterine rupture.

Methods: A multicenter, case-control study was performed on women with a single, prior, low-transverse cesarean who experienced complete uterine rupture during a trial of labor. For each case, three women who underwent a trial of labor without uterine rupture after a prior low-transverse cesarean delivery were selected as control participants.

Evaluating the role of bedrest on the prevention of hypertensive diseases of pregnancy and growth restriction.

Background: Evaluating the effect of restricted activity on the development of preeclampsia under experimental clinical settings has been compromised by inherent selection bias and differential misclassification. The aim of our study was to overcome such limitations by using hospitalized bedrest for preterm labor/birth-related indications as an unbiased measure of restricted activity and evaluate its effect on the development of hypertensive diseases of pregnancy.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the McGill Obstetrical and Neonatal Database on all pregnancies that took place between 1991 and 2001.

Practical application of fundamental concepts in exercise physiology.

The collection of primary data in laboratory classes enhances undergraduate practical and critical thinking skills. The present article describes the use of a lecture program, running in parallel with a series of linked practical classes, that emphasizes classical or standard concepts in exercise physiology. The academic and practical program ran under the title of a particular year II module named Sports Performance: Physiology and Assessment, and results are presented over a 3-yr period (2004-2006), based on an undergraduate population of 31 men and 34 women.

Comparison of obstetric outcomes between on-call and patients' own obstetricians.

Background: The question "will you be delivering my baby?" is one that pregnant women frequently ask their physicians. We sought to determine whether obstetric outcomes differed between women whose babies were delivered by their own obstetrician (regular-care obstetrician) and those attended by an on-call obstetrician who did not provide antenatal care.

Methods: We performed a cohort study of all live singleton term births between 1991 and 2001 at the Royal Victoria Hospital in Montréal.

Effect of instrument preference for operative deliveries on obstetrical and neonatal outcomes.

Objectives: To examine the relationship between physicians' instrument preference and obstetrical and neonatal outcomes.

Study Design: A retrospective cohort study comparing obstetrical and neonatal outcomes of second stage deliveries between obstetricians who prefer forceps (forceps >/=90%) with obstetricians with no preference to forceps (either instrument <90%) was completed using the McGill Obstetrical and Neonatal Database. Logistic regression analysis was used to obtain an adjusted odds ratio controlling for maternal, intrapartum and neonatal confounders.

Effect of prepregnancy body mass index categories on obstetrical and neonatal outcomes.

Objectives: To examine the association between body mass index (BMI) and obstetrical and neonatal outcomes.

Methods: We conducted a cohort study comparing prepregnant BMI categories with obstetrical and neonatal outcomes using the McGill Obstetrical and Neonatal Database on all deliveries in 10 year period (1987-1997). Prepregnant BMI was categorized into underweight (<20), normal (20-24.

Recent trends in caesarean delivery rates and indications for caesarean delivery in Canada.

Objective: To examine recent trends in Caesarean delivery rates as well as the indications for Caesarean delivery in Canada, excluding the provinces of Manitoba and Quebec.

Methods: All deliveries (N = 1 807 388) recorded in the Canadian Institute for Health Information's Discharge Abstract Database for the years 1994/95 to 2000/01 were included in the study (all hospital deliveries in Canada except for those occurring in Manitoba and Quebec). Temporal trends and inter-provincial/territorial variations in Caesarean delivery rates were quantified, and the primary indications for Caesarean delivery during the study period were compared.

Under-reporting of maternal mortality in Canada: a question of definition.

In Canada, maternal mortality reporting is based on information contained on death certificates. To examine the extent to which maternal deaths are under-reported in Canada and whether this is likely to change under the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), we linked live birth and stillbirth registrations to In Canada death registrations of women aged 10 to 50 for 1988 through 1992. We reviewed the death certificates of women found to have died while pregnant or within a year of the termination of pregnancy.

Use of the protein/creatinine ratio of a single voided urine specimen in the evaluation of suspected pregnancy-induced hypertension.

Background: The use of a 24-hour urine collection to evaluate protein excretion in a woman with suspected pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is cumbersome, time consuming, and subject to improper collection. Our purpose was to determine the correlation of the protein/creatinine ratio of a single voided urine specimen to the 24-hour urine collection for total protein in the range of zero to 1000 mg protein per 24 hours.

Methods: Single voided urine specimens and 24-hour total urine protein collections were ordered for 66 consecutive women admitted to an antepartum unit for suspected PIH.

Prevalence of HIV in a largely indigent obstetric population of Tarrant County, Texas.

To establish the seroprevalence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in our county hospital obstetric patients, and to assess the predictive value of screening questionnaires for high-risk behaviors attributing to HIV infection, we conducted written surveys and blinded HIV testing over a 4-month period ending February 1993. Blinded HIV antibody testing was performed on 1348 patients upon admission to labor and delivery. The coded blood samples were matched to similarly coded surveys of patient demographics and behaviors implicated in HIV transmission.

Management of the third stage of labor: a survey of practice among Texas obstetricians.

Available evidence shows that the benefits of routine oxytocic administration in the third stage of labor far outweigh the potential risks. In 1990, T.F.

Trial of labor following cesarean delivery.

Objective: To examine several variables that may affect the success rate for a trial of labor after previous cesarean delivery, as well as those affecting the rate of uterine rupture.

Methods: Between June 1, 1990 and December 31, 1991, we performed a consecutive, prospective study of 593 pregnant women who had had at least one abdominal delivery in the past, and attempted a trial of labor in each. Particular attention was given to the success rate of vaginal delivery, the type of previous uterine incision, use of oxytocin, estimated maternal blood loss, 5-minute Apgar scores, and reason for the previous cesarean operation.

Vaginal birth after cesarean section at the University of Texas.

Vaginal delivery was successful in 76% of the 242 women who underwent a trial of labor after cesarean section in a prior pregnancy. Separation of the uterine scar occurred in four women (1.7%).

Evaluation of placental morphology and growth factor receptors in women receiving antiepileptic drugs: a pilot study.

A direct teratogenic effect of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on the fetus has been postulated. However, there may also be a primary effect of AEDs on placenta, with secondary consequences to the fetus. Thirteen carefully medically controlled epileptic women were followed prenatally and perinatally.

Gynecologic pelvic pain.

The family physician dealing with gynecologic pelvic pain (acute or chronic) enters at the beginning of the problem as diagnostician, refers the patient to a specialist in the interim, and resumes care in the follow-up period. Patients with chronic pelvic pain (pelvic pain that has lasted for at least six months) can be difficult to treat because they often have a history of dysfunctional family life, sexual and marital problems, and often a hidden history of sexual molestation or incest. The family physician can best care for the patient with empathy, a long ventilated history, complete physical and pelvic examination, and pelvic ultrasonograpy if necessary.

Effect of guanfacine, an alpha-adrenergic agonist, on menopausal flushing.

The effect of guanfacine (0.5 mg/day), an alpha-adrenergic agonist, on menopausal flushing, was studied in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study in 11 patients. Both guanfacine and placebo significantly decreased the total number of flushes from baseline values.