Proctoring System of Pediatric Laparoscopic Surgery for Choledochal Cyst.

Endoscopic surgery also has been becoming widespread in the field of pediatric surgery. However, most disease treated by pediatric surgery in a single institution are small number of cases. Besides, the variety of operative procedures that need to be performed in this field is quite wide.

"A salvage technique using a fibrous sheath to avoid the loss of the central veins in cases of pediatric intestinal failure".

Purpose: The number of accessible central veins (CVs) affects the prognosis of patients with intestinal failure (IF). The loss of residual CVs should be avoided. We, therefore, evaluated the efficacy of a new CV catheter-exchange technique using a subcutaneous fibrous sheath (FS) in pediatric IF patients.

Successful management of pyriform sinus cyst and fistula using endoscopic electrocauterization.

Objectives: Pyriform sinus cyst (PSC) and pyriform sinus fistula (PSF) is a rare congenital malformation that arises from the third or fourth branchial structure. In our study, we describe the safety and the utility of endoscopic electrocauterization against PSC/PSF.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients who underwent endoscopic electrocauterization for PSC/PSF at our hospital.

Laparoscopic repositioning of an aberrant right hepatic artery and hepaticojejunostomy for pediatric choledochal cyst: A case report.

Introduction: The right hepatic artery crossing the ventral side of the common hepatic duct is a relatively frequent abnormality. This aberrant right hepatic artery not only interferes with dissection of the common bile duct and hepaticojejunostomy for choledochal cyst but can also cause postoperative anastomotic stenosis.

Case Presentation: A 14-year-old patient presented with upper abdominal pain and was diagnosed with a choledochal cyst (Type IVA in Todani Classification) and pancreaticobiliary maljunction.

Glypican-3 expression in malignant small round cell tumors.

Malignant small round cell tumors usually progress rapidly and show resistance to chemotherapy, and it is often difficult to make a definitive diagnosis based on their histological morphology. Glypican-3 (GPC3) is a highly tumor-specific antigen, and the overexpression of GPC3 was reported in many pediatric and adult malignancies. In the present study, we investigated the GPC3 expression in pediatric malignant small round cell tumors to assess its role in the differential diagnosis of the tumors.

The Utility of Muscle-Sparing Axillar Skin Crease Incision with Thoracoscopic Surgery in Children.

Background: Thoracoscopic surgery for pediatric benign tumors is a common procedure. However, a large incision is needed to remove large tumors from the thoracic cavity. And, for intrapulmonary sequestration in lower lobe, it sometimes needs a large incision to ligate the aberrant vessels.

Re-evaluation of lung to thorax transverse area ratio immediately before birth in predicting postnatal short-term outcomes of fetuses with isolated left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia: A single center analysis.

We aimed to investigate whether the lung-to-thorax transverse area ratio (LTR) immediately before birth is of diagnostic value for the prediction of postnatal short-term outcomes in cases of isolated left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). We retrospectively reviewed the cases of fetal isolated left-sided CDH managed at our institution between April 2008 and July 2016. We divided the patients into two groups based on LTR immediately before birth, using a cut-off value of 0.

Immunostaining for Hu C/D and CD56 is useful for a definitive histopathological diagnosis of congenital and acquired isolated hypoganglionosis.

Isolated hypoganglionosis (IHG) has been proposed as a distinct entity with two subtypes: congenital IHG (CIHG) and acquired IHG (AIHG). However, due to the rarity of the disease and the lack of defining histological criteria, the concept of IHG is not widely accepted. We studied paraffin-embedded intestinal specimens from 79 patients diagnosed with Hirschsprung's disease (HD) (n = 49), CIHG (n = 25), and AIHG (n = 5) collected between January 1996 and December 2015.

Current clinical features in diagnosis and treatment for immaturity of ganglia in Japan: analysis from 10-year nationwide survey.

Background: To identify the current clinical features in diagnosis and treatment for immaturity of ganglia (IG) in Japan, we retrospectively analyzed data for patients with IG from the nationwide surveys in Japan. This survey was performed by Japanese Study Group of allied disorders of Hirschsprung's disease (ADHD).

Methods: In primary research, data on totally 355 cases of ADHD were collected for 10 years (2001-2010).

The incidence and outcome of allied disorders of Hirschsprung's disease in Japan: Results from a nationwide survey.

Background: Allied disorders of Hirschsprung's disease (ADHD) have been proposed to be the concept of the functional obstruction of the intestine with the presence of ganglion cells in the terminal rectum. They are classified into two categories based on pathology: (1) abnormal ganglia, including immaturity of ganglia, hypoganglionosis (HG), and intestinal neuronal dysplasia; (2) normal ganglia, including megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIHS), segmental dilatation (SD), internal anal sphincter achalasia (IASA), and chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIIP). Some of these show poor prognosis, therefore, the establishment of criteria and appropriate treatment strategies is required.

Glypican 3 expression in pediatric malignant solid tumors.

Purpose: Glypican 3 (GPC3) is one of the cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans that binds to the cell membrane, and it is known as an oncofetal protein in adult malignant tumors. Clinical trials using a GPC3 peptide vaccine have already been started in Japan as a new immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma in adult patients. To investigate the possibility of GPC3 immunotherapy for pediatric malignant tumors, we assessed the expression of GPC3 in pediatric malignant tumors.

Close correlation between CXCR4 and VEGF expression and frequent CXCR7 expression in rhabdomyosarcoma.

CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) expression is reportedly correlated with both vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and poor prognosis in a variety of cancers. Its relation to CXC chemokine receptor 7 (CXCR7) is also noted in several malignancies, including rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) cell lines. However, the correlations between these chemokine receptors and angiogenic factors have not yet been adequately investigated in RMS clinical specimens.