Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging detection of renal cancer presenting with diffuse peritoneal metastases in a patient with hemodialysis-associated acquired cystic disease of the kidney.

A 59-year-old man was admitted with a large amount of ascites, cake-like omental thickening, and dialysis-associated acquired cystic disease of the kidney (ACDK). It was difficult to detect renal cancer, which was revealed as a primary site of peritoneal metastases by autopsy, with conventional cross-sectional imaging, such as enhanced computed tomography and T2, T1, and dynamic gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, because multiple renal cysts caused marked distortion of the renal parenchyma and the cancer had necrosis. We demonstrated the usefulness of diffusion-weighted imaging with a high b-factor to detect renal cancer presenting with peritoneal metastasis in a patient with ACDK.

Pulmonary emphysema: histopathologic correlation with minimum intensity projection imaging, high-resolution computed tomography, and pulmonary function test results.

Objective: To prospectively evaluate the use of minimum-intensity projection (minIP) imaging, high-resolution (HR) computed tomography (CT), and pulmonary function tests for quantifying emphysema with histopathologic examination.

Methods: MinIP and HRCT imaging data (n = 23) were obtained, and relative areas of the lung with attenuation values below thresholds from -940 to -1000 Hounsfield units (HU) and first to 13th percentiles were calculated for both data. Pulmonary function tests were performed before lung resection.

Can malignant and benign pulmonary nodules be differentiated with diffusion-weighted MRI?

Objective: The objective of our study was to evaluate whether diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with a high b factor can be used to differentiate malignancies from benign pulmonary nodules.

Materials And Methods: This study included 54 pulmonary nodules (>or= 5 mm in diameter) in 51 consecutive patients (37 men, 14 women; mean age, 65.7 years; age range, 31-88 years).

Value of CK14 and CD56 immunostaining in distinguishing small cell carcinoma from squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.

Primary small cell carcinoma of esophagus (SCC) is a rare disease but has more aggressive behavior than esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SQC). The distinction of SCC from SQC is very important therapeutically. Few systematic studies of immunohistochemical analysis to differentiate primary esophageal SCC with concomitant SQC, and adjacent normal esophageal epithelium have been reported.

CT-guided automated cutting needle biopsy by a combined method for accurate specific diagnosis of focal lung lesions.

Purpose: The purpose of our study was to evaluate a method of automated cutting needle biopsy (ACNB) that combines the use of a long-throw needle, higher mean number of needle passes, and tandem system, in terms of the accuracy of specific diagnosis of small and large lung lesions and the safety of the procedure.

Materials And Methods: Fifty-seven ACNBs were performed under computed tomography guidance using a tandem system with a 20-gauge and 18-gauge (through non-aerated lung) automated cutting needle with a throw length of 23 mm. We classified the nodules into 21 small nodules (< or =2 cm) and 36 large nodules (>2 cm).

Ultrastructure of Clara cells stimulated by isoproterenol.

The incidence of peripheral pulmonary adenocarcinoma has increased in recent years. Clara cell has been known as target for carcinogens and source of pulmonary tumors. One of the presumed roles of the bronchiolar Clara cell is the secretion of pulmonary surfactant into the bronchiolar lumen.

The Clara cells activated by acetaminophen.

Many high mountaineers die of acute mountain sickness in the high mountains of Nepal during their adventure. Most of them administer acetaminophen (AP) as an analgesic. Various cells with higher expression of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) would metabolize AP and lead to cellular impairment.

Histopathology of typhoid enteritis: morphologic and immunophenotypic findings.

Enteric fever is a systemic illness caused by Salmonella infection, with S. typhi, S. paratyphi, and S.

Cysticercosis in Nepal: a histopathologic study of sixty-two cases.

Human cysticercosis, an infection caused by larvae of Taenia solium, is a major public health problem in many developing countries. Sixty-two of 23,402 biopsy cases have been detected as cysticercosis in the last 5 years in Patan Hospital. Most (82%) of the patients presented with solitary skin nodules, another 10% with nodules in the oral mucosa, and 8% in the breast.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the foot arising in chronic ulcers in leprosy patients.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the foot is a rare sequelae of chronic ulceration secondary to leprosy neuropathy. Most of the tumours are relatively slow growing and tend to metastasize late. Survival after local excision is generally good.

Cytochrome P450 2B1 immunoreactivity in bronchiolar and alveolar epithelial cells after exposure of rats to ozone.

Pulmonary cytochrome P450 (P450) plays an important role in the metabolism of xenobiotics. We have previously demonstrated that exposure to ozone (O3), a major oxidant of photochemical smog, increases P450 content and xenobiotic metabolizing activities in the rat lung. Therefore, it is conceivable that O3 exposures modify the pattern and potency of xenobiotic metabolism.

The role of complement-derived chemotactic factors in lung injury induced by preformed immune complexes.

Our previous studies have suggested a role for complement fragments presumably activated by immune complexes in patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis. The present study has shown that circulating complement depletion by cobra venom factor resulted in the reduction in severity of immune-complex-mediated pulmonary inflammation. The activity of chemotactic factors for neutrophils generated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids in complement-depleted animals was significantly diminished to 61.

[A case of endobronchial minute leiomyoma and literature review of the 66 cases of endotracheal and endobronchial leiomyoma reported in Japan].

A case of endobronchial minute leiomyoma successfully treated by bronchoscopically directed forceps biopsy is described. A 42-year-old male with a 20 pack-year smoking history was admitted for dry cough occurring at night. Chest X-ray showed no abnormal shadows.

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis induced by hexamethylene diisocyanate.

A case of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) induced by hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) is described. Serial determinations of the lymphocyte surface phenotypes by two-color assay revealed the following: 1) increased activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and 2) increased percentage and absolute number of non-major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted natural killer (NK) cells in the peripheral blood (PB) during the recovery phase of the disease. These findings were considered to be related to the activity of the disease.

Interstitial lattice shadow and mediastinal lymphadenopathy with an elevation of carcinoembryonic antigen in severe pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.

A case of severe pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) with interstitial involvement, mediastinal lymphadenopathy and an elevation of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and the serum is presented. Alveolar macrophages may play a major role in these rare and seemingly unrelated findings.

Alteration in surface structure of Clara cells and pulmonary cytochrome P-450b level in rats exposed to ozone.

Changes in the surface structure of Clara cells in the terminal bronchioles following exposure of rats to 0.4 ppm ozone (O3) for 14 days were evaluated and compared to the content of pulmonary cytochrome P-450, an enzyme active in xenobiotic metabolism. Exposure to O3 caused a striking alteration of Clara cells in the terminal bronchiole.

A case of cyclophosphamide-induced interstitial pneumonitis diagnosed by bronchoalveolar lavage.

A successfully treated case of cyclophosphamide pneumonitis, which developed during treatment for a leukemic phase of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, is documented. Subtyping of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid easily excluded a possible diagnosis of pulmonary involvement of lymphoma. Bronchoalveolar lavage is a useful approach to determine the correct etiology of pneumonitis.

A case of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia associated with primary Sjögren's syndrome who died of superimposed diffuse alveolar damage.

Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) developed in association with primary Sjögren's syndrome in a 69-year-old female. She died of diffuse alveolar damage superimposed on BOOP in spite of corticosteroid therapy.

Case report of desquamative interstitial pneumonia: documentation of preserved pulmonary function after twelve clinical relapses.

We describe a case of desquamative interstitial pneumonia diagnosed in a 25-year-old woman who relapsed 12 times during a 20-year follow-up period. In each relapse, the involved sites were different and the patient ultimately recovered without resultant pulmonary ventilatory defects. Bronchoalveolar lavage performed during the 12th relapse revealed a remarkable increase in the number of total cells and showed a low CD4+/CD8+ ratio in the lymphocyte subset.

Electron-microscopic evidence for cytochrome P-450 in Clara cells and type I pneumocytes of the rat lung.

Using immunoelectron microscopy, we examined the distribution of cytochrome P-450 in rat lungs and determined the cell types in which P-450 was localized. To demonstrate P-450, a rabbit polyclonal antibody against P-450b (P-450 IIB1), the major constitutive isozyme of rat pulmonary P-450, was used. Strong reactivity for anti-P-450b antibody was observed in nonciliated bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial cells (Clara cells) and type I pneumocytes.

Sequential changes in lung injury induced by preformed immune complexes.

Immune complexes formed in the airside may be involved in the early parenchymal changes in hypersensitivity pneumonitis. The present study was undertaken to compare the responses of animals after an intratracheal injection with preformed immune complexes to those of patients with acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis, with special emphasis on sequential bronchoalveolar lavage findings and the possible role of chemotactic factors in the immune complex-induced lung injury. An increased number and percentage of polymorphonuclear cells could be detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of guinea pigs within 48 hr following an intratracheal injection of preformed immune complexes.

Pulmonary clear cell carcinoma.

A case of pulmonary clear cell carcinoma is demonstrated. A large left lower lobe mass, without lymphadenopathy was detected on a screening chest X-ray, and a left lower lobectomy was performed. The tumor was composed predominantly of clear cells with some areas showing cells typical for small cell carcinoma.

Pleural mesothelioma after neighborhood exposure to asbestos during childhood.

A 38-year-old woman with pleural mesothelioma who had a history of neighborhood asbestos exposure during her childhood was demonstrated. She had no known history of occupational asbestos exposure. This is the first case of mesothelioma with neighborhood asbestos exposure reported in Japan.