The association of grandmaternal and maternal factors with maternal adult stature.

Background: Stature is an important determinant of several reproductive and non-reproductive health problems. Documentation of secular trends in stature has been based primarily on cross-sectional studies of special populations, primarily of men. The objective of this study is to determine how growth and socio-economic status (SES) factors relate to stature changes among lineal female relatives, maternal grandmothers to mothers.

The association of maternal growth and socio-economic measures with infant birthweight in four ethnic groups.

Background: Both maternal socio-economic status (SES) and growth measures are themselves interrelated and are also related to infant birthweight. The objective of this study is to compare the relative importance of such maternal measures as determinants of birthweight of female infants-the prospective mothers of the next generation.

Methods: The study base was derived from a population-based multiethnic intergenerational cohort: the Washington State Intergenerational Cohort.

Maternal birth weight and cesarean delivery in four race-ethnic groups.

Objective: We hypothesized that maternal birth weight was associated with the risk of cesarean delivery for nulliparous women.

Study Design: In a population-based cohort study, maternal birth data were linked to a Washington State database, including the birth certificates of 18,905 first-born singleton infants (1987-1995).

Results: Among non-Hispanic white subjects, maternal birth weight of 2500 to 3999 g was associated with a 20.

Respiratory distress syndrome and maternal birth weight effects.

Objective: To study traditional risk factors and the intergenerational risk factor maternal low birth weight (LBW) for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in infants in multiple ethnic groups.

Methods: The population-based database consists of hospital records linked to Washington state maternal and infant vital records. Four racial-ethnic groups were studied, whites, blacks, Native Americans, and Hispanics.

A population-based cohort study of the relation between maternal birthweight and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in four racial/ethnic groups.

Intrauterine growth retardation and low birthweight have been associated with an increased risk of insulin resistance and type II diabetes later in life. We hypothesised that maternal low birthweight is associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Study subjects comprised women giving birth in Washington State between 1987 and 1995.

The Washington State Intergenerational Study of Birth Outcomes: methodology and some comparisons of maternal birthweight and infant birthweight and gestation in four ethnic groups.

A statewide database of vital records and hospital discharge summaries of obstetric and neonatal admissions for Washington State in 1987-95 was linked to the birth certificates of mothers born in the state. A total of 46,000 births to mothers of four racial/ethnic groups were studied: Whites, African-Americans, Native Americans and Hispanics. For all four groups inverse associations were found between maternal birthweight and infant low birthweight and preterm birth.

Multiple-spell, discrete-time survival analysis of developmental data: object concept in pigtailed macaques.

To measure cognitive development in 123 pigtailed macaques, we calculated medians and quartiles for the milestones of classical (Piagetian) object concept development (plain reach, partial-hide, full-hide, and A-not-B) in both 2-dimensional (screen) and 3-dimensional (well) tasks. Using multiple-spell, discrete-time survival analysis, we examined the influence of 4 independent variables (starting age, sex, birth weight, and task) on the probability of completing the milestones on any given test. The significant predictors for completion of the well sequence were birth weight and task.

Climbing test to measure gross motor development in monkeys.

This report describes an apparatus, protocol, and coding procedure to quantify gross motor skills in infant Macaca nemestrina, and presents data obtained from this system. The apparatus consists of a 1.8-m-tall Plexiglas tube extending from the top of a standard stainless steel cage.