Usefulness of both PET/CT with F18-FDG and whole-body diffusion-weighted imaging in cancer screening: a preliminary report.

Objective: Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with fluorodeoxyglucose (F18-FDG) is useful for the detection of malignant lesions, including metastatic lesions, and this technique is widely used in cancer screening. However, this approach may occasionally yield false-positive and false-negative findings. At our PET center, to increase the accuracy of PET/CT, we use PET/CT and whole-body diffusion-weighted imaging (WB-DWI) together.

Auditory Related Resting State fMRI Functional Connectivity in Tinnitus Patients: Tinnitus Diagnosis Performance.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate functional connectivity in tinnitus patients with and without hearing loss, and design the tinnitus diagnosis performance by resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI).

Subjects And Methods: Nineteen volunteers with normal hearing without tinnitus, 18 tinnitus patients with hearing loss, and 11 tinnitus patients without hearing loss were enrolled in this study. The subjects were evaluated with rs-fMRI, and region of interests (ROIs) based correlation analyses were performed using the CONN toolbox version 16 and SPM version 8.

Giant cell arteritis with polymyalgia rheumatica on FDG-PET/CT.

If there is no pain in the temporal artery, the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis (GCA) may be delayed and blindness may occur. Therefore, FDG-PET/CT is important as a modality for diagnosis of GCA. When GCA is suspected and F-18 FDG-PET/CT is performed, it is worthwhile to pay attention to shoulder and hip joints as polymyalgia rheumatica commonly presents with GCA.

Auditory resting-state functional connectivity in tinnitus and modulation with transcranial direct current stimulation.

Conclusions: The functional connectivity (FC) between the right and left auditory cortex is weak in tinnitus patients. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the auditory cortex has potential as a tool to modulate auditory-based FC.

Objective: This study investigated the effects of applying tDCS in tinnitus patients, and searched for modulation of brain networks in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) through an analysis of FC with the stimulated brain region.

Detection of lung cancer by FDG-PET cancer screening program: a nationwide Japanese survey.

Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the lung cancer detection rate in asymptomatic individuals by the Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography FDG-PET cancer screening program in Japan.

Materials And Methods: A total of 153,775 asymptomatic individuals underwent the FDG-PET cancer screening program; the 854 cases with findings that indicated suspected lung cancer by any detection method were analyzed.

Results: Among the 854 cases, 319 were verified as lung cancer.

Long fasting is effective in inhibiting physiological myocardial 18F-FDG uptake and for evaluating active lesions of cardiac sarcoidosis.

Background: F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) is a promising modality for detecting active lesions of cardiac sarcoidosis (CS). However, determining whether 18F-FDG uptake in the myocardium is physiological is challenging due to metabolic shift in myocardial cells. Although methods for inhibiting physiological myocardial 18F-FDG uptake have been proposed, no standard methods exist.

Observer variation study of the assessment and diagnosis of incidental colonic FDG uptake.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the interpretations of incidental colonic 18F-FDG uptake made by 10 experienced readers and to more clearly identify the pattern of suspicious colonic FDG uptake. The potential contributions of delayed FDG-PET scanning and of immune fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) in making a diagnosis were also analyzed.

Materials And Methods: Visual interpretations by 10 readers were made for 147 FDG uptake sites from 126 PET scans (cancer, 38 sites; adenoma, 43 sites; and no abnormality, 66 sites) with colonic FDG uptake.

The current status of an FDG-PET cancer screening program in Japan, based on a 4-year (2006-2009) nationwide survey.

Objective: The aim of this study was to survey the 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) cancer screening program conducted in Japan.

Methods: The "FDG-PET cancer screening program" included both FDG-PET and positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET/CT) with or without other combined screening tests that were performed for cancer screening in asymptomatic subjects. A total of 155,456 subjects who underwent the FDG-PET cancer screening program during 2006-2009 were analyzed.

Radiation exposure and risk-benefit analysis in cancer screening using FDG-PET: results of a Japanese nationwide survey.

Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate radiation exposure and evaluate the risks and benefits of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in cancer screening.

Methods: A nationwide survey of FDG-PET cancer screening was conducted in 2006, and the results were analyzed with a common index, "extension/shortening of the average life expectancy."

Results: The average estimated effective dose was 4.

Relationship of detection rate of PET cancer screening examinees and risk factors: analysis of background of examinees.

Objective: PET cancer screening is performed widely in Japan as opportunistic screening, but no study has focused on the correlation with various cancer risk factors and the seeking bias of examinees and cancer detection rate. Analyzing our large series of PET cancer screening data, correlations with cancer detection rates according to general cancer risk factors and PET detection survey were reviewed, and the selection bias of the medical examinees was determined.

Methods: 19189 examinees who underwent PET cancer screening were enrolled.

Analysis of various malignant neoplasms detected by FDG-PET cancer screening program: based on a Japanese Nationwide Survey.

Objective: The most distinctive feature of FDG-PET cancer screening program is the ability to find various kinds of malignant neoplasms in a single test. The aim of this survey is to clarify the range and frequency of various malignant neoplasms detected by FDG-PET cancer screening performed in Japan.

Methods: "FDG-PET cancer screening" was defined as FDG-PET or positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) scan with or without other tests performed for cancer screening of healthy subjects.

11C-acetate for positron emission tomography imaging of clinical stage IA lung adenocarcinoma: comparison with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose for imaging and evaluation of tumor aggressiveness.

Background: To determine the usefulness of positron emission tomography (PET) with (11)C-acetate (AC) for imaging lung adenocarcinoma and evaluating its tumor aggressiveness, AC- and (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET were compared.

Methods: One hundred and sixty-nine adenocarcinomas with clinical stage IA and 53 benign nodules were examined by both AC- and FDG-PET before surgery. The sensitivity and specificity for discriminating benign/adenocarcinoma were compared between AC- and FDG-PET.

18F-fluorodeoxyglucose and 11C-acetate positron emission tomography are useful modalities for diagnosing the histologic type of thymoma.

Background: The objective of this study was to clarify the usefulness of positron emission tomography (PET) using(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and carbon 11-labeled acetate (AC) for predicting the histologic types and tumor invasiveness of thymoma in a multicenter study.

Methods: Forty thymomas were examined using both FDG-PET and AC-PET before surgery. The histologic types were type A in 1 thymoma, type AB in 12 thymomas, type B1 in 11 thymomas, type B2 in 7 thymomas, type B3 in 6 thymomas, and type C in 3 thymomas.

11C-Acetate can be used in place of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose for positron emission tomography imaging of non-small cell lung cancer with higher sensitivity for well-differentiated adenocarcinoma.

Objectives: Although positron emission tomography (PET) using F-fluorodeoxy-glucose (FDG) frequently gives false-negative results for slow-growing tumors, C-acetate (AC)-PET has been reported to be able to detect them. To determine the usefulness of AC-PET for imaging non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs), the sensitivity and specificity were compared between the AC-PET and FDG-PET with a multicenter study.

Materials And Methods: A total of 284 pulmonary lesions (227 NSCLCs and 57 benign lesions) were examined using both AC-PET and FDG-PET before surgery at seven Japanese institutes.

An iterative reconstruction using median root prior and anatomical prior from the segmented mu-map for count-limited transmission data in PET imaging.

Objective: Recently, whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) examination has greatly developed. To reduce the overall examination time, the transmission scan has been increasingly shortened. Many noise-reduction processes have been developed for count-limited transmission data.

[Performance profile of FDG-PET and PET/CT for cancer screening based on a Japanese nationwide survey].

A total of 50,558 healthy subjects underwent an FDG-PET (including PET/CT) scan with or without combination of other tests for cancer screening in 46 PET centers during fiscal year of 2005 in Japan. Thorough examination was indicated for 9.8% of the cases due to positive findings suggesting possible cancer.

Performance profile of FDG-PET and PET/CT for cancer screening on the basis of a Japanese Nationwide Survey.

Objective: The aim of this study is to survey the situation of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) cancer screening in Japan and to describe its performance profile.

Methods: "FDG-PET for cancer screening" was defined as FDG-PET or positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) scan with or without other tests performed for cancer screening of healthy subjects. We sent questionnaires regarding FDG-PET cancer screening to 99 facilities in which FDG-PET tests were performed during the fiscal year 2005.

[Imaging of cancer activity and range of tumor involvement--applying to breast cancer].

In recent years, PET using mainly fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has played a very large role in the management of breast cancer. Systemic, functional images can be obtained by whole body PET and can provide information that is not obtained by anatomical imaging modalities such as conventional X-ray computed tomography, X-ray mammography, or ultrasonography. The utility of FDG-PET for breast cancer patients has been established in every phase of the management of breast cancer, such as the differential diagnosis of breast cancer primary lesion, cancer staging, and posttreatment monitoring.

Inter-observer variations in FDG-PET interpretation for cancer screening.

Background: Diagnostic guidelines for the use of 2-(fluorine 18) fluoro-2 deoxy-D-glucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) in cancer screening have yet to be established. We assessed inter-observer variability in screening FDG-PET.

Methods: Subjects comprised 40 individuals who underwent FDG-PET and computed tomography (CT) for cancer screening.

Cancer screening of healthy volunteers using whole-body 18F-FDG-PET scans: The Nishidai clinic study.

In order to evaluate the diagnostic performance of cancer screening using whole-body (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scanning for asymptomatic subjects, we conducted a historical cohort study. The study group comprised 5807 individuals who underwent PET scanning from 2002 to 2003. Each subject had carried out a procedure with whole-body (18)F-FDG-PET scan with some other diagnostic tests.

11C-acetate and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography of pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

Positron emission tomography (PET) with 11C-acetate has been recently reported in detection of slow-growing tumors, such as well-differentiated adenocarcinomas of the lung, which are often negative with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET. Here we present findings of acetate-PET and FDG-PET in a case of adenocarcinoma that was comprised of peripheral ground glass opacity and solid central components, and was histologically comprised of both a well-differentiated and a moderately-differentiated adenocarcinoma, respectively. Acetate-PET was positive in both components, whereas FDG-PET was only positive in the solid central component.

Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of the submandibular gland with a high uptake of 18F-FDG: a case report and image diagnosis.

Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) is a rare low-grade malignant salivary gland neoplasm typically found in the parotid gland. This report describes a case of EMC that arose from the submandibular gland, and gives special emphasis to the preoperative diagnostic value of positron emission tomography (PET) in combination with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Although a preoperative diagnostically specific image of EMC could not be established, the malignant nature of this tumor was detected by these combined examinations.

Characteristics of advantages of positron emission tomography over computed tomography for N-staging in lung cancer patients.

Objective: We analyzed the characteristics of advantages of positron emission tomography (PET) over computed tomography (CT) for N-staging in lung cancer patients.

Methods: Preoperative PET and CT scans were performed for 2057 lymph node stations in 205 patients with peripheral-type lung cancer. The advantages of PET over CT for N-staging were analyzed among lymph node locations and histological subtypes.

Prognostic significance of [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose uptake on positron emission tomography in patients with pathologic stage I lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: [(18)F]Fluoro-2-deoxyglucose uptake on positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) has been frequently used for diagnosis and staging of lung cancer. The prognostic significance of FDG uptake on PET was evaluated in patients with pathologic Stage I lung adenocarcinoma (tumor stages were based on the TNM classification of the International Union Against Cancer).

Methods: Disease-free survival of 98 patients with pathologic Stage I lung adenocarcinoma who were treated by curative resection was examined in relation to sex, age, histologic grade of differentiation, surgical procedure, tumor stage, and FDG uptake measured as the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV).