Hydrogen does not Exert Neuroprotective Effects or Improve Functional Outcomes in Rats After Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Aim: Increasing evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species damage the blood-brain barrier and increase brain edema after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Recently, strong clinical and experimental evidence has shown that hydrogen has potent protective cellular effects in various diseases. However, the effect of hydrogen on ICH remains unclear.

Electrocardiograph abnormalities in intracerebral hemorrhage.

This study investigated the prevalence and type of electrocardiography (ECG) abnormalities, and their possible association with the clinical/radiological findings in 118 consecutive patients with non-traumatic, non-neoplastic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). ECG frequently demonstrates abnormalities in patients with ischemic stroke and subarachnoid hemorrhage, but little is known of ECG changes in ICH patients. Clinical and radiological information was retrospectively reviewed.

[High-Definition Exoscope System for Microneurosurgery:Use of an Exoscope in Combination with Tubular Retraction and Frameless Neuronavigation for Microsurgical Resection of Deep Brain Lesions].

The high-definition exoscope (VITOM®, Karl Storz GmbH & Co., Tuttlingen, Germany) is a new equipment that can be used as an alternative to the operating microscope in neurosurgery. Several neurosurgeons have recently reported that the exoscope allows for long working distances and great depth of field.

Hydrogen improves neurological function through attenuation of blood-brain barrier disruption in spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats.

Background: Enhanced oxidative stress occurs in spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats (SHRSP), and is important in blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Hydrogen can exert potent protective cellular effects via reduction in oxidative stress in various diseases. The present study investigated whether long-term hydrogen treatment can improve neurological function outcome in the SHRSP model, and the effects of hydrogen on BBB function, especially the oxidative stress and the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in this model.

Surgical removal of the solitary metastasis of renal cell carcinoma in the third ventricle using an interhemispheric transcallosal trans-choroidal approach.

We herein describe a case of a solitary metastasis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in the third ventricle, which was totally removed via an interhemispheric trans-callosal trans-choroidal approach. The histological examination revealed a solitary metastasis of RCC. The postoperative course was uneventful.

Recanalization of a large supraclinoid carotid aneurysm via elicited vertebral artery-internal carotid artery anastomosis: a case report.

Proximal ligation of the internal carotid artery (ICA) with high-flow bypass is one of the surgical strategies for treating large, unclippable ICA aneurysms. We encountered a rare case of recanalization of a large ICA aneurysm that disappeared after high-flow bypass surgery, and subsequently reappeared via an elicited vertebral artery (VA)-ICA anastomosis (anastomosis between the anterior meningeal artery branching from the right VA, and the ascending pharyngeal artery branching (APA) from the right ICA). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report describing angiographical recurrence of a large ICA aneurysm after the surgery.

Treatment of spontaneous intracranial hypotension with intravenous Factor XIII administration: initial clinical experience.

Aim: Coagulation Factor XIII plays an important role in wound healing by stabilizing the fibrin clot. We hypothesized that Factor XIII administration might promote the repair of cerebrospinal fluid leak sites and lead to resolution of the orthostatic headache in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH). The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of intravenous Factor XIII administration in SIH patients.

Decompressive craniectomy for arteriovenous malformation-related intracerebral hemorrhage.

Arteriovenous malformation (AVM)-related intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the cause of approximately 2-3% of ICH and is an important factor in the significant morbidity and mortality in patients with AVM. Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is a surgical procedure to relieve malignant elevation of intracranial pressure. The use of DC to treat patients with AVM-ICH has been much less common.

[CT and histological findings and treatment outcomes after carotid endarterectomy for symptomatic cervical carotid artery stenosis in octogenarians].

Symptomatic cervical carotid artery stenosis is one of the common causes of ischemic stroke in octogenarians. The records for 90 consecutive patients with symptomatic cervical carotid artery stenosis treated by carotid endarterectomy(CEA)were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups:21 patients aged 80 years or over and 69 patients aged less than 80 years.

Effects of intravenous infusion of hydrogen-rich fluid combined with intra-cisternal infusion of magnesium sulfate in severe aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: The failures of recent studies intended to prevent cerebral vasospasm have moved the focus of research into delayed cerebral ischemia away from cerebral artery constriction towards other mechanisms. Recent accumulating evidence has suggested that early brain injury is also involved in the development of delayed cerebral ischemia, and that hydrogen can prevent early brain injury. Therefore, we have established a combination therapy of intravenous hydrogen infusion and intra-cisternal magnesium sulfate infusion for the treatment of both early brain injury and cerebral vasospasm.

"Reverse" bypass using a naturally formed "bonnet" superficial temporal artery in symptomatic common carotid artery occlusion: a case report.

We herein describe a patient with symptomatic common carotid artery occlusion who underwent a reverse superficial temporal artery (STA)-middle cerebral artery (MCA) single bypass using a naturally formed "bonnet" STA. The surgical procedure was performed without difficulty, and no further neurological deterioration was observed after surgery. In practice, this case highlights that the reverse STA-MCA bypass can be achieved safely and less invasively using a naturally formed "bonnet" STA.

Sulfasalazine and temozolomide with radiation therapy for newly diagnosed glioblastoma.

Background: A recent phase 1/2 clinical trial argued for caution for the use of sulfasalazine in progressive glioblastoma (GBM). However, the study enrolled patients with recurrent or progressive high-grade glioma indicating that patients recruited probably had severe disease. Thus, the study may not accurately reflect the effectiveness of sulfasalazine for GBM and we hypothesized that earlier sulfasalazine administration may lead to anticancer effects.

Temporal profile of plasma adiponectin level and delayed cerebral ischemia in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Adiponectin affects nitric oxide production, and low plasma adiponectin levels are associated with impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. However, adiponectin pathophysiology in the acute phase after stroke, especially subarachnoid hemorrhage, is not well understood. The present study evaluated the changes in plasma adiponectin concentrations in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage and investigated the relationship between plasma adiponectin and delayed cerebral ischemia.

Localized neurofibromas in the bilateral orbits.

Localized neurofibromas are rare in the orbit and, unlike the more common plexiform neurofibromas, are not typically associated with von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis. We present a rare case of localized neurofibromas in the bilateral orbits.

A ruptured aneurysm located at a collateral artery that extended from the proximal A2 segment to the M1 segment, associated with an anomalous branch of the anterior choroidal artery and middle cerebral artery hypoplasia: case report.

We here describe the first case of a ruptured aneurysm located at a collateral artery that extended from the proximal A2 segment to the M1 segment, which was associated with an anomalous branch of the anterior choroidal artery and middle cerebral artery (MCA) hypoplasia. The aneurysm was revealed by angiograms and intraoperative findings. No previous accounts have been published of such an extremely rare vessel anomaly.

Hydrocephalus following decompressive craniectomy for ischemic stroke.

Numerous studies on hydrocephalus after decompressive craniectomy (DC) for severe traumatic brain injury have been reported, whereas there have been only two reports on DC for hemispheric cerebral infarction. Here, we present the clinical details of 23 patients who underwent DC for hemispheric cerebral infarction and the incidence of hydrocephalus following DC. Of the 23 patients, 13 were male and 10 were female, with an age range from 34 to 75 years (mean, 60.

A suitable formula for estimating the volume gained by decompressive craniectomy in malignant hemispheric infarction.

Decompressive craniectomy (DC) improves the survivability and functional outcome in patients with malignant hemispheric infarction (MHI). The decompressive effect of DC depends on the decompressive volume (DV). The value of the formulas for estimating DV has not been reported to date.

Is decompressive craniectomy a risk factor for ventriculomegaly?

Objective: Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is an established therapeutic option following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, several delayed complications of DC have been reported, including ventriculomegaly, which can lead to poor patient outcomes. Nevertheless, ventriculomegaly can occur after TBI even without DC.

Decompressive craniectomy with hematoma evacuation for large hemispheric hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.

Hemispheric hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has a high mortality rate. Decompressive craniectomy (DC) has generally been used for the treatment of severe traumatic brain injury, aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, and hemispheric cerebral infarction. However, the effect of DC on hemispheric hypertensive ICH is not well understood.

Surgical results after primary decompressive craniectomy in poor-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

It is well known that patients with poor-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) have poor outcomes owing to significant mass effect and brain stem compression. On the other hand, decompressive craniectomy (DC) has shown efficacy in reducing morbidity and mortality in patients with intracranial hypertension. Here, we study the efficacy of DC in poor-grade SAH with attention to surgical outcome.

Cerebrospinal fluid congestion in the perioptic space.

Recent attention has been paid to the -cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics between the intracranial subarachnoid space (SAS) and the SAS around the optic nerve (ON-SAS). We experienced three patients who had an expanded ON-SAS associated with mass lesions extending into the optic canal, and studied their MRI findings after decompressive surgery. In all three patients, decompressive surgery of the optic canal resulted not only in the disappearance of the expanded ON-SAS, but also in improvement of the visual function.

Adiponectin and traumatic brain injury.

Adiponectin, a circulating adipose-derived hormone regulating inflammation and energy metabolism, has beneficial actions on cardiovascular disorders. Recent studies have suggested that adiponectin might be a potential molecular target for ischemic stroke therapy; however, little is known about the effects of adiponectin on traumatic brain injury. The present study examined the immunoactivity of adiponectin.

A better mild traumatic brain injury model in the rat.

The primary pathology associated with mild -traumatic brain injury (TBI) is selective axonal injury, which may characterize the vast majority of blast-induced TBIs. Axonal injuries in cases of mild TBI have been considered to be the main factors responsible for the long-lasting memory or attentional impairment in affected subjects. Among these axonal injuries, recent attention has been focused on the cingulum bundle (CB).