Multilevel factors influence the use of a cardiovascular disease assessment tool embedded in the electronic health record in oncology care.

Digital health tools are positive for delivering evidence-based care. However, few studies have applied rigorous frameworks to understand their use in community settings. This study aimed to identify implementation determinants of the Automated Heart-Health Assessment (AH-HA) tool within outpatient oncology settings as part of a hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial.

A Mixed-Methods Study to Understand Community Health Worker Integration With Health Care Teams.

Two models employed to integrate community health workers (CHWs) in health care settings are community-clinical linkages and employment within health care. Our objective was to understand the variability in how these models are implemented. We conducted a mixed-methods study across a large health system that included CHW focus groups and electronic health record data on patients referred to the teams.

Asking the "Right" Questions about Financial Hardship: Using Cognitive Interviews with Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer and Their Caregivers to Inform Measure Development.

Financial hardship as a result of cancer treatment can have a significant and lasting negative impact on adolescents and young adults (AYAs) and their families. To address a lack of developmentally informed and psychometrically sound measures of financial hardship for AYAs and their caregivers, we used rigorous measurement development methods recommended by the National Institutes of Health's Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System® (PROMIS®) to determine comprehensibility and relevance of measure content. Our multi-step approach involved item identification, refinement, and generation; translatability and reading level review; and cognitive interviews.

Study protocol for measuring stigmatization in persistent tic disorders: development and validation of the Tourette discrimination-stigmatization scale.

Introduction: Persistent Tic Disorders such as Tourette Syndrome are common neurodevelopmental disorders that are highly stigmatized. Many individuals with Persistent Tic Disorders experience peer rejection, loneliness, and self-stigma. Experiencing stigmatization during childhood can influence the persistence of moderate-to-severe tics later in life.

The Development and Testing of a Point-of-Sale E-Cigarette Health Communication Campaign.

Adolescents and young adults continue to use e-cigarettes, and communication campaigns are needed to decrease use among these populations. We developed and tested a point-of-sale communication campaign focused on e-cigarette chemical exposure. We developed messages based on formative research and tested them (versus text-only messages) in a nationally-representative online survey among adolescents and young adults (16-25) (Phase 1).

Knowing Is Not Doing: A Qualitative Study of Parental Views on Family Beverage Choice.

Objective: Sugary drink consumption is associated with adverse health outcomes in children, highlighting the need for scalable family interventions that address barriers to water consumption. To inform development of a scalable, health-care-system-based intervention targeting family beverage choice, a formative qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with parents whose children were identified as over-consuming sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and/or fruit juice (FJ). The first goal of these interviews was to understand, in a diverse real-world patient population, what parents viewed as the primary drivers of their family's beverage choices, and explore how these drivers might need to be addressed in order to make changes to beverage consumption.

Reactions to using other nicotine and tobacco products instead of menthol cigarettes: A qualitative study of people who smoke menthol cigarettes in the United States.

The US Food and Drug Administration is considering banning menthol cigarettes, which could result in some people who smoke menthol cigarettes switching to other tobacco products (OTPs). This qualitative study explored reactions to using OTPs instead of menthol cigarettes. People who smoke menthol cigarettes (N=40) completed a behavioral economic assessment of the effects of menthol cigarette price increases on OTP purchasing.

Qualitative reactions to a low nicotine product standard for cigarettes from adolescents and young adults living in the United States who smoke.

The Biden Administration is considering a low nicotine product standard for cigarettes. This qualitative study examined reactions to a nicotine reduction policy among adolescents and young adults (AYA) who smoke cigarettes. After completing a lab study involving masked exposure either to low nicotine or normal nicotine research cigarettes and unmasked exposure to e-cigarettes varying in nicotine concentration and flavor, we conducted follow-up semi-structured interviews (N = 25) to explore participants' knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of a low nicotine product standard and their anticipated tobacco use behavior after policy implementation.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a sample of US young adults who smoke cigarettes: A qualitative analysis.

Introduction: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with increased negative mood in youth, and a few reports of changes in tobacco use. We sought to increase the depth of knowledge on the effects of the pandemic on early young adult mood states, access to tobacco products and tobacco use behaviors, and knowledge of risks associated with tobacco use and COVID-19 by learning more about the lived experience of the pandemic among young adults early in their smoking trajectories.

Methods: Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 25 young adults ages 18-20 (M = 19) who smoked cigarettes daily or nearly every day and had used electronic cigarettes (ECs) on ≥ 2 occasions in their lifetime.

Perceptions of North Carolina's Medicaid Transformation: A Qualitative Study.

Background: In 2021, North Carolina switched 1.6 million beneficiaries from a fee-for-service Medicaid model to a managed care system. The state prepared beneficiaries with logistical planning and a communications plan.

Facilitators and barriers to reducing chemotherapy for early-stage breast cancer: a qualitative analysis of interviews with patients and patient advocates.

Background: As the combination of systemic and targeted chemotherapies is associated with severe adverse side effects and long-term health complications, there is interest in reducing treatment intensity for patients with early-stage breast cancer (EBC). Clinical trials are needed to determine the feasibility of reducing treatment intensity while maintaining 3-year recurrence-free survival of greater than 92%. To recruit participants for these trials, it is important to understand patient perspectives on reducing chemotherapy.

Patient perspectives on chemotherapy de-escalation in breast cancer.

Background: Given excellent survival outcomes in breast cancer, there is interest in de-escalating the amount of chemotherapy delivered to patients. This approach may be of even greater importance in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: This concurrent mixed methods study included (1) interviews with patients and patient advocates and (2) a cross-sectional survey of women with breast cancer served by a charitable nonprofit organization.

What Do Adolescents and Young Adults Think a Cigarillo Is? Implications for Health Communication.

Cigarillo use has increased among adolescents and young adults and has remained high. Public education efforts are needed to communicate with these populations about cigarillo use risks, but little is known about the implications of using the term "cigarillo" in such efforts. The study goal was to assess adolescent and young adult perceptions of the term "cigarillo".

Negative health symptoms reported by youth e-cigarette users: Results from a national survey of US youth.

Background: E-cigarettes are the most prevalent tobacco product among US youth, but little is known about the health symptoms users experience.

Methods: Between August 2016 and May 2017, we conducted a nationally representative cross-sectional telephone survey of 975 US youth ages 13-17. Respondents who reported ever trying e-cigarettes were asked whether they ever experienced six physical health symptoms they thought were caused by e-cigarette use.

Measuring waterpipe tobacco smoking in survey research.

Waterpipe tobacco (WT) smoking remains a significant public health problem. However, few validated measures exist, presenting challenges for obtaining accurate prevalence estimates and making comparisons across studies. We identified items used to measure several WT smoking behaviours in eight US national surveys of youth and adults and two international studies, including the National Youth Tobacco Survey, National Adult Tobacco Survey, Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Adult and Youth Surveys, Monitoring the Future, National Health Interview Survey, Health Styles, Tobacco Use Supplement: Current Population Survey, Global Adult Tobacco Survey and Global Youth Tobacco Survey.

Adverse symptoms users attribute to e-cigarettes: Results from a national survey of US adults.

Background: Little is known about the prevalence of adverse symptoms electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) users report experiencing.

Methods: Between August 2016 and May 2017, we conducted a nationally representative cross-sectional telephone survey of 4964 US adults age 18 and over. Respondents who reported ever trying e-cigarettes were asked whether they ever experienced six symptoms they thought were caused by e-cigarette use.

Polytobacco Use Among a Nationally Representative Sample of Adolescent and Young Adult E-Cigarette Users.

Purpose: Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) are adolescents' most commonly used tobacco product and young adults' second most used. Little is known about ENDS use alongside other tobacco products (polytobacco use) and whether exclusive ENDS users differ from polytobacco ENDS users.

Methods: In spring 2016, we surveyed a nationally representative sample of 3,517 13-25-year olds (36.

Developing a Point-of-Sale Health Communication Campaign for Cigarillos and Waterpipe Tobacco.

Adolescents and young adults smoke waterpipe tobacco (WT) and cigarillos, at least in part, based on erroneous beliefs that these products are safer than cigarettes. To address this challenge, we used a systematic, three-phase process to develop a health communication campaign to discourage WT and cigarillo smoking among at-risk (tobacco users and susceptible non-users) 16- to 25-year-olds. In Phase 1, we used a national phone survey (N = 896) to determine salient message beliefs.

Adolescent and Young Adult Perceptions of Hookah and Little Cigars/Cigarillos: Implications for Risk Messages.

Use of hookah and little cigars/cigarillos (LCCs) is high among adolescents and young adults. Although these products have health effects similar to cigarettes, adolescents and young adults believe them to be safer. This study examined adolescent and young adult perceptions of hookah and LCCs to develop risk messages aimed at discouraging use among users and at-risk nonusers.

E-cigarettes, Hookah Pens and Vapes: Adolescent and Young Adult Perceptions of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems.

Introduction: Most studies have assessed use of "e-cigarettes" or "electronic cigarettes," potentially excluding new electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), such as e-hookahs and vape pens. Little is known about how adolescents and young adults perceive ENDS and if their perceptions vary by sub-type. We explored ENDS perceptions among these populations.

Adolescents' and Young Adults' Knowledge and Beliefs About Constituents in Novel Tobacco Products.

Introduction: Novel tobacco products, such as little cigars, cigarillos, hookah, and e-cigarettes, and their smoke or aerosol contain chemicals which the FDA has determined to be Harmful or Potentially Harmful Constituents. We explored adolescents' and young adults' knowledge and beliefs about constituents in novel tobacco products and their smoke or aerosol, in order to inform risk communication messages.

Methods: Seventy-seven adolescents and young adults (ages 13-25) participated in 10 focus groups, including 47 novel tobacco product users and 30 susceptible nonusers.

Improving Physical Activity in Hispanics with Diabetes and their Families.

Objective: This study examined changes in physical activity among Hispanics with diabetes and their families who received an 8-week diabetes self-management intervention.

Design: A quasi-experimental design was used to conduct a secondary analysis of physical activity data from two intervention studies that used the same protocols and measures.

Sample: A total of 65 patients and 66 family members participated in the studies.