Intracerebroventricular calcitonin prevents stress-induced gastric dysfunction.

Background: Restraint stress produces gastric hypercontractility and acidity leading to stress ulceration. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) salmon calcitonin (sCT) decreases restraint injury and acidity, but its effects on restraint-induced hypercontractility are unknown.

Methods: Using stereotactic guidance, ICV catheters were placed into the lateral ventricle of adult male rats and calibrated gastric strain gauge transducers were implanted 5 days prior to restraint stress.

Mechanisms of impaired gallbladder contractile response in chronic acalculous cholecystitis.

The mechanisms involved in the impaired gallbladder contractile response in chronic acalculous cholecystitis are unknown. To determine the mechanisms that may lead to impaired gallbladder emptying in chronic acalculous cholecystitis, gallbladder specimens removed during hepatic resection (controls) and after cholecystectomy for chronic acalculous cholecystitis were attached to force transducers and placed in tissue baths with oxygenated Krebs solution. Electrical field stimulation (EFS) (1 to 10 Hz, 0.