The Value and Validity of Self-Reported Survey Data on the Rape Experiences of College Students.

Self-reported survey data on the extent and nature of rape and sexual assault experienced by a population represent an important source of information because these crimes often go unreported, and are thus undercounted in law enforcement or other official statistics. This article compares Campus Climate Survey Validation Study (CCSVS) data to Clery Act data in an effort to (1) assess the validity of the CCSVS data the Clery Act data based on the extent to which they corroborate one another, and (2) estimate the extent to which Clery Act data potentially underestimate the true incidence of rape. The results help to establish the extent to which self-report surveys on sexual victimization are needed to understand the magnitude of the problem among a given population.

Dietary Choline Supplements, but Not Eggs, Raise Fasting TMAO Levels in Participants with Normal Renal Function: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Choline is a dietary precursor to the gut microbial generation of the prothrombotic and proatherogenic metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). Eggs are rich in choline, yet the impact of habitual egg consumption on TMAO levels and platelet function in human subjects remains unclear.

Methods: Healthy volunteers (41% male, 81% Caucasian, median age 28 years) with normal renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate >60) were recruited and assigned to 1 of 5 daily interventions for 4 weeks: 1) hardboiled eggs (n = 18); 2) choline bitartrate supplements (n = 20); 3) hardboiled eggs + choline bitartrate supplements (n = 16); 4) egg whites + choline bitartrate supplements (n = 18); 5) phosphatidylcholine supplements (n = 10).

Treatment of Lower Extremity Fractures in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Objective: To review the literature regarding outcomes of surgical and nonsurgical management of lower extremity (LE) fractures in chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). TYPE: Systematic review.

Literature Survey: Medline (PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Database of Systemic Reviews, Cochrane Central, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, ClinicalTrials.

Association Between Traumatic Brain Injury and Dementia in Veterans: A Rapid Systematic Review.

Objective: To systematically review the prevalence of dementia in Veterans versus civilians and the association between previous traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) and the risk and timing of dementia onset in Veterans.

Design: We systematically searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from database inception to October 2018. One reviewer assessed articles for inclusion, evaluated study quality, graded strength of evidence, and extracted data, with second reviewer checking.

Disclosure of Adverse Events: A Guide for Clinicians.

Introduction: Children's Hospitals' Solutions for Patient Safety (SPS) acknowledged a recommendation from the American Academy of Pediatrics to develop education programs on the communication of adverse events with patients and families. SPS set out to create a guide that would outline a standardized disclosure process and provide a training curriculum and tools so that providers would feel better prepared to have effective disclosure conversations.

Methods: SPS disclosure work began with the development of a project team made up of 9 network hospitals.

"Implementation Is so Difficult": Survey of National Learning Health System Decision-makers Identifies Need For Implementation Information in Evidence Reviews.

Background: Evidence use within learning health care systems can improve patient health outcomes. Embedded in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) since 2007, the Veterans Affairs Evidence Synthesis Program (ESP) provides tailored evidence synthesis services to support VHA's learning health care system goals. As part of the ESP's ongoing quality improvement efforts, we have been surveying our users since 2016.

A Comprehensive Review of Quality of Life Surveys for Trauma-Affected Communities.

Research shows that exposure to community and domestic violence leads to psychological trauma from childhood through adulthood, which can lead to poor health and early death. A team of health information management (HIM) professionals reviewed existing surveys to determine their suitability for assessing the quality of life (QoL) of people in trauma-affected communities (TACs). Keywords were used to search for papers describing validated QoL surveys.

Reducing Serious Safety Events and Priority Hospital-Acquired Conditions in a Pediatric Hospital with the Implementation of a Patient Safety Program.

Background: A freestanding children's hospital evaluated the impact of a patient safety program on serious safety events (SSEs) and hospital-acquired conditions (HACs).

Methods: The No Harm Patient Safety Program was developed throughout the organization using a multifaceted approach that included safety moments, leadership rounding, cause analysis changes, event reporting enhancements, error prevention training, leadership training, identifying priority HACs, Eye on Safety Campaign, and safety coaches. The organization set strategic goals for improvement of SSEs and priority HACs.

Rapid evidence review of the comparative effectiveness, harms, and cost-effectiveness of pharmacogenomics-guided antidepressant treatment versus usual care for major depressive disorder.

Objective: This study aims to conduct an evidence review of the effectiveness, harms, and cost-effectiveness of pharmacogenomics-guided antidepressant treatment for major depressive disorder.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE®, the Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials, and PsycINFO through February 2017. We used prespecified criteria to select studies, abstract data, and rate internal validity and strength of the evidence (PROSPERO number CRD42016036358).

The predictive validity of quality of evidence grades for the stability of effect estimates was low: a meta-epidemiological study.

Objective: To determine the predictive validity of the U.S. Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) approach to GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation).

A case study of pooled-studies publications indicated potential for both valuable information and bias.

Objectives: Pooled-studies publications (PSPs) present statistical analyses of multiple randomized controlled trials without a systematic literature search or critical appraisal. We explored the characteristics of PSPs and their potential impact on a systematic review (SR).

Study Design And Setting: We systematically evaluated PSPs excluded from an SR of second-generation antidepressants.

Effectiveness and harms of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 in spine fusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) is used as a bone graft substitute in spinal fusion, which unites (fuses) bones in the spine. The accuracy and completeness of journal publications of industry-sponsored trials on the effectiveness and harms of rhBMP-2 has been called into question.

Purpose: To independently assess the effectiveness and harms of rhBMP-2 in spinal fusion and reporting bias in industry-sponsored journal publications.

Does the use of an assistive device by nurses impact peripheral intravenous catheter insertion success in children?

Peripheral intravenous (PIV) access is a common and essential component for the medical management of the hospitalized child. Delayed or failed PIV insertion can increase the risk for complications from delayed intravenous treatment. Repetitive PIV insertion attempts can cause psychological trauma to the child and decrease family satisfaction.