Cardiac implantable electronic device infections: incidence, risk factors, and the effect of the AigisRx antibacterial envelope.

Background: Cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infection is associated with morbidity and mortality.

Objectives: To determine the incidence and risk factors for CIED infection, to develop a scoring index for risk stratification, and to analyze the effect of the AIGISRx envelope on infection rates.

Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent a CIED procedure were identified and surveyed for 6 months for the development of an infection necessitating removal of all implanted hardware.

Characterization of ischemic index using ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography in patients with focal and diffuse recalcitrant diabetic macular edema.

Purpose: To explore the association of angiographic nonperfusion in focal and diffuse recalcitrant diabetic macular edema (DME) in diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Design: A retrospective, observational case series of patients with the diagnosis of recalcitrant DME for at least 2 years placed into 1 of 4 cohorts based on the degree of DR.

Methods: A total of 148 eyes of 76 patients met the inclusion criteria at 1 academic institution.

Lymphatic transport and catabolism of therapeutic proteins after subcutaneous administration to rats and dogs.

The mechanism underlying subcutaneous absorption of macromolecules and factors that can influence this process were studied in rats using PEGylated erythropoietins (EPOs) as model compounds. Using a thoracic lymph duct cannulation (LDC) model, we showed that PEGylated EPO was absorbed from the subcutaneous injection site mainly via the lymphatic system in rats, which is similar to previous reports in sheep. After subcutaneous administration, the serum exposure was reduced by ∼70% in LDC animals compared with that in the control animals, and most of the systemically available dose was recovered in the lymph.

An in vivo microdialysis coupled with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry study of cortisol metabolism in monkey adipose tissue.

It is postulated that elevated tissue concentrations of cortisol may be associated with the development of metabolic syndrome, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. The 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1) enzyme regenerates cortisol from inactive cortisone in tissues such as liver and adipose. To better understand the pivotal role of 11beta-HSD1 in disease development, an in vivo microdialysis assay coupled with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) analysis using stable isotope-labeled (SIL) cortisone as a substrate was developed.

Population pharmacokinetic modeling for enterohepatic recirculation in Rhesus monkey.

Enterohepatic recirculation (EHR) occurs via biliary excretion and intestinal reabsorption of a drug. Drug recycling through EHR can lead to a change in pharmacokinetic (PK) properties, such as reduced clearance (CL), extended half-life (T(1/2)) and increased plasma exposure (AUC). As a result, EHR may prolong the pharmacological effect of drugs.

Induction of CYP1A in the beagle dog by an inhibitor of kinase insert domain-containing receptor: differential effects in vitro and in vivo on mRNA and functional activity.

Compound I [3-[5-(4-methanesulfonyl-piperazin-1-ylmethyl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-1H-quinolin-2-one] is a potent inhibitor of human kinase insert domain-containing receptor (KDR kinase), which is under investigation for the treatment of cancer. Bile duct-cannulated male beagle dogs were administered 6 mg/kg compound I q.d.