Response effort and resurgence.

This study provides an initial translational examination of response effort and resurgence. Eleven typically developing adults and five adolescents with autism served as participants across two experiments. Participants received points for touching moving stimuli on a computer screen.

Palladin is overexpressed in the non-neoplastic stroma of infiltrating ductal adenocarcinomas of the pancreas, but is only rarely overexpressed in neoplastic cells.

Background: It has recently been suggested that overexpression of palladin in sporadic pancreatic cancer may contribute to pancreatic cancer's invasive and migratory abilities. This hypothesis was based on reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analyses of bulk pancreatic tissue, yet pancreatic cancer is a complex admixture of neoplastic epithelial cells and desmoplastic stroma.

Design: Immunohistochemical labeling of tissue microarrays was used to define the patterns of palladin protein expression in 177 ductal adenocarcinomas of the pancreas.

Methylation of cyclin D2 is observed frequently in pancreatic cancer but is also an age-related phenomenon in gastrointestinal tissues.

Purpose: Hypermethylation of CpG islands in the promoters of selected genes is a common feature of neoplasia. Aberrant methylation of cyclin D2 has been observed in several cancers. We investigated the methylation of cyclin D2 in aging and pancreatic neoplastic development, and the utility of cyclin D2 methylation as a marker of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Diagnosing pancreatic cancer using methylation specific PCR analysis of pancreatic juice.

The aim of this study was to determine the utility of detecting methylated ppENK and pi6 in pancreatic juice by methylation specific PCR as a marker of pancreatic adeno-carcinoma. Pancreatic juice samples were collected either intraoperatively, from 92 patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy for benign (n=20) and malignant periampullary disease (n = 72) or endoscopically (by duodenal aspiration after secretin infusion), from 13 patients undergoing investigation for pancreatic disease. Methylated ppENK was detected in the pancreatic juice of 30 (66.

Aberrant methylation of preproenkephalin and p16 genes in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic intraductal neoplasia (PanIN) is thought to be the precursor to infiltrating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. We have previously shown that the preproenkephalin (ppENK) and p16 genes are aberrantly methylated in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. In this study we define the methylation status of the ppENK and p16 genes in various grades of PanINs.

Aberrant CpG island methylation in cancer cell lines arises in the primary cancers from which they were derived.

A higher prevalence of epigenetic inactivation of tumor suppressor genes has been reported in cancer cell line populations compared to primary cancer populations. Cancer-related genes are commonly methylated in cancer cell lines but it is not known the extent to which tumor suppressor genes may be artificially methylated in vitro. We therefore examined 10 pancreatic cancer cell lines and corresponding primary tumors for aberrant DNA methylation of promoter CpG islands of eight genes and seven CpG islands.