Pharmacological characterization of repeated administration of the first generation abused synthetic cannabinoid CP47,497.

A series of in vivo and in vitro assays were conducted to characterize the pharmacological effects of the first generation abused synthetic cannabinoid CP47,497, a racemic bicyclic cannabinoid that is similar in structure to the potent, high-efficacy synthetic cannabinoid CP55,940. CP47,497 was less efficacious than CP55,940 in activating G-proteins and dose-dependently produced common CB1 receptor-dependent pharmacological effects (i.e.

Concentrations of Morphine and Codeine in Paired Oral Fluid and Urine Specimens Following Ingestion of a Poppy Seed Roll and Raw Poppy Seeds.

Interpretation of opiate drug test results can be challenging due to casual dietary consumption of poppy seeds, which may contain variable opiate content. Opiate concentrations in paired oral fluid (OF), collected with the Oral-Eze(®) Oral Fluid Collection System, and urine were analyzed after ingestion of poppy seeds from the same source, consumed raw or contained in a roll. In Part 1, 12 individuals consumed equal portions of a poppy seed roll.

Recovery and Stability of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Using the Oral-Eze® Oral Fluid Collection System and Intercept® Oral Specimen Collection Device.

Oral fluid (OF) is increasingly used for clinical, forensic and workplace drug testing as an alternative to urine. Uncertainties surrounding OF collection device performance, drug stability and testing reproducibility may be partially responsible for delays in the implementation of OF testing in regulated drug testing programs. Stability of Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) fortified and authentic specimens was examined after routine collection, transport and laboratory testing.

Development of a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the identification and quantification of CP-47,497, CP-47,497-C8 and JWH-250 in mouse brain.

While Marijuana continues to be the most widely used illicit drug, abuse of synthetic cannabinoid (SCB) compounds in 'Spice' or 'K2' herbal incense products has emerged as a significant public health concern in many European countries and in the USA. Several of these SCBs have been declared Schedule I controlled substances but detection and quantification in biological samples remain a challenge. Therefore, we present a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method after liquid-liquid extraction for the quantitation of CP-47,497, CP-47,497-C8 and JWH-250 in mouse brain.

Morphine and gp120 toxic interactions in striatal neurons are dependent on HIV-1 strain.

A rigorously controlled, cell culture paradigm was used to assess the role of HIV-1 gp120 ± morphine in mediating opioid-HIV interactive toxicity in striatal neurons. Computerized time-lapse microscopy tracked the fate of individual neurons co-cultured with mixed-glia from mouse striata during opioid and gp120 exposure. Subpopulations of neurons and astroglia displayed μ-opioid receptor, CXCR4, and CCR5 immunoreactivity.