Neighborhood factors associated with late effects among survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the associations between neighborhood income, education, and neighborhood racial composition (measured as a low percentage of white residents) and risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD), diabetes (DM), and severe depression among survivors of AYA cancer and matched non-cancer peers.

Methods: Two-year survivors of AYA cancers diagnosed at age 15-39 yrs at Kaiser Permanente Southern California (diagnosed 2000-2012) and individually matched (1:13) non-cancer subjects were included. The development of CVD, DM, and severe depression was ascertained via electronic health records.

Impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic on neoadjuvant chemotherapy use in patients diagnosed with epithelial type ovarian cancer.

Introduction: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic posed critical challenges in providing care to ovarian cancer (OC) patients, including delays in OC diagnosis and treatment initiation. To accommodate for delays in OC surgery, the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) recommended preferential use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy during the pandemic. The purpose of this study was to assess the association of the COVID-19 pandemic with neoadjuvant chemotherapy use in patients diagnosed with OC.

DNA methylation markers for risk of metastasis in a cohort of men with localized prostate cancer.

Accurately identifying life-threatening prostate cancer (PCa) at time of diagnosis remains an unsolved problem. We evaluated whether DNA methylation status of selected candidate genes can predict the risk of metastasis beyond clinical risk factors in men with untreated PCa. A nested case-control study was conducted among men diagnosed with localized PCa at Kaiser Permanente California between 01/01/1997-12/31/2006 who did not receive curative treatments.

Environmental and occupational exposures and prognosis in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer in the Be-Well Study.

Bladder cancer is primarily diagnosed as non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), with high recurrence and progression rates. Environmental and occupational exposures to carcinogens are well-known risk factors for developing bladder cancer, yet their effects on prognosis remain unknown. In the Be-Well Study, a population-based prospective cohort study of 1472 Kaiser Permanente patients newly diagnosed with NMIBC in California from 2015 to 2019, we examined history of environmental and occupational exposures in relation to tumor stage and grade at initial diagnosis by multivariable logistic regression, and subsequent recurrence and progression by Cox proportional hazards regression.

Associations of dietary isothiocyanate exposure from cruciferous vegetable consumption with recurrence and progression of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: findings from the Be-Well Study.

Background: High recurrence and progression rates are major clinical challenges for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Dietary isothiocyanates (ITCs), phytochemicals primarily from cruciferous vegetables (CV), show strong anticancer activities in preclinical BC models, yet their effect on NMIBC prognosis remains unknown.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the associations of dietary ITC exposure at diagnosis with NMIBC recurrence and progression.

Chronic health conditions among long-term survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer: A comparison of outcomes in Israel and the United States.

Background: There is a paucity of information on health outcomes of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors living outside North America and Europe. This study compared outcomes in AYA cancer survivors in Israel with individuals without cancer and similar demographics and access to health care, and to AYA cancer survivors living in the United States.

Methods: This study included 12,674 2-year survivors of AYA (aged 15-39 years) cancer diagnosed between 2000 and 2018 at Clalit Health Services (CHS) in Israel.

Smoking Behaviors and Prognosis in Patients With Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer in the Be-Well Study.

Importance: Tobacco smoking is an established risk factor associated with bladder cancer, yet its impact on bladder cancer prognosis is unclear.

Objective: To examine associations of use of tobacco (cigarettes, pipes, and cigars), e-cigarettes, and marijuana with risk of recurrence and progression of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and to explore use of smoking cessation interventions.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The Be-Well Study is a prospective cohort study of patients with NMIBC diagnosed from 2015 to 2019 and followed-up for 26.

Exposure to statins post localized prostate cancer diagnosis and risk of metastasis among men who did not receive curative prostate cancer treatment.

Background: Few studies have evaluated the effect of statin exposure on metastasis risk among prostate cancer patients not receiving curative treatment.

Methods: We included men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer at an integrated health care system between 1997 and 2006 who did not receive curative treatment within 6 months of diagnosis. We followed these men until a metastatic event, disenrollment, death, or 12/31/2016.

Changes in Fall Rates From Before to During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings From the Prospective AMBROSIA Study.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) social distancing policies resulted in reductions in community movement, however, fall rates during this time have not been described.

Methods: This prospective study included adults ≥65 years old participating in the Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Older Adults (AMBROSIA) cohort and who completed ≥1 monthly falls calendar (August 2019-March 2021; n = 250). Months were grouped to correspond to the fall 2020 phased reopening (August-October) and the shelter-in-place policy during the winter 2020 surge (November-January) in Los Angeles, California and compared to the same months, 1 year earlier (ie, before the pandemic).

Long-term follow-up of a racially and ethnically diverse population of men with localized prostate cancer who did not undergo initial active treatment.

Background: There is limited research on the racial/ethnic differences in long-term outcomes for men with untreated, localized prostate cancer.

Methods: Men diagnosed with localized, Gleason ≤7 prostate cancer who were not treated within 1 year of diagnosis from 1997-2007 were identified. Cumulative incidence rates of the following events were calculated; treatment initiation, metastasis, death due to prostate cancer and all-cause mortality, accounting for competing risks.

Chronic Comorbidities Among Survivors of Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer.

Purpose: To describe the incidence, relative risk, and risk factors for chronic comorbidities in survivors of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 2-year survivors of AYA cancer diagnosed between age 15 and 39 years at Kaiser Permanente Southern California from 2000 to 2012. A comparison cohort without cancer was individually matched (13:1) to survivors of cancer on age, sex, and calendar year.

Cause-specific mortality in survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer.

Background: Few studies have adequately addressed long-term survival (>20 years from diagnosis) among survivors of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancers.

Methods: In this retrospective, population-based cohort study in a US integrated health care system, the authors examined cause-specific mortality in 2-year survivors of AYA cancers (patients aged 15-39 years who were diagnosed between 1990 and 2012; N = 10,574) matched (by age, sex, and calendar year) to individuals without cancer (N = 136,683) to determine whether mortality rates changed over time. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for mortality were estimated using multivariable Poisson regression.

Incidence, Risk Factors, and Mortality Associated With Second Malignant Neoplasms Among Survivors of Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer.

Importance: Detailed data describing the epidemiology of second malignant neoplasms (SMN) are needed for survivors of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer to inform the development of age-appropriate survivorship care guidelines.

Objective: To describe the incidence, risk factors, and mortality for SMN in survivors of AYA cancer.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective matched cohort study included 10 574 two-year survivors diagnosed with cancer between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 2012, at age 15 to 39 years in an integrated health care delivery system in Southern California.

The Be-Well Study: a prospective cohort study of lifestyle and genetic factors to reduce the risk of recurrence and progression of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Purpose: Bladder cancer is one of the top five cancers diagnosed in the U.S. with a high recurrence rate, and also one of the most expensive cancers to treat over the life-course.