Variability in Opioid Prescribing Among Plastic Surgery Residents After Bilateral Breast Reduction.

Background: Prescription opioid misuse in the United States accounts for significant avoidable morbidity and mortality. Over one third of all prescriptions written by surgeons are for opioids. Although opioids continue to provide needed analgesia for surgical patients, there are few guidelines in the plastic surgery literature for their safe and appropriate use after surgery.

Team Approach: Perioperative Management of Pilon Fractures.

»: Tibial pilon fractures are devastating injuries requiring complexsurgical management resulting in a challenging postoperativecourse.

»: A multidisciplinary approach is required to manage these injuries in addition to patients' medical comorbidities and concomitant injuries to achieve optimal outcomes.

»: The case presented here demonstrates the importance of communication and teamwork between specialties in the management of a patient with a tibial pilon fracture that was medically optimized for surgery using a team-based approach.

Individual variability in behavioral flexibility predicts sign-tracking tendency.

Sign-tracking rats show heightened sensitivity to food- and drug-associated cues, which serve as strong incentives for driving reward seeking. We hypothesized that this enhanced incentive drive is accompanied by an inflexibility when incentive value changes. To examine this we tested rats in Pavlovian outcome devaluation or second-order conditioning prior to the assessment of sign-tracking tendency.

Effect of yohimbine on reinstatement of operant responding in rats is dependent on cue contingency but not food reward history.

Yohimbine is an alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist that has been used in numerous studies as a pharmacological stressor in rodents, monkeys and humans. Recently, yohimbine has become the most common stress manipulation in studies on reinstatement of drug and food seeking. However, the wide range of conditions under which yohimbine promotes reward seeking is significantly greater than that of stressors like intermittent footshock.

Effect of cafeteria diet history on cue-, pellet-priming-, and stress-induced reinstatement of food seeking in female rats.

Background: Relapse to unhealthy eating habits is a major problem in human dietary treatment. The individuals most commonly seeking dietary treatment are overweight or obese women, yet the commonly used rat reinstatement model to study relapse to palatable food seeking during dieting primarily uses normal-weight male rats. To increase the clinical relevance of the relapse to palatable food seeking model, here we pre-expose female rats to a calorically-dense cafeteria diet in the home-cage to make them overweight prior to examining the effect of this diet history on cue-, pellet-priming- and footshock-induced reinstatement of food seeking.