The ICRP, MELODI, and ALLIANCE workshop on effects of ionizing radiation exposure in offspring and next generations: a summary of discussions.

Purpose: Task Group 121 - Effects of ionizing radiation exposure in offspring and next generations - is a task group under the Committee 1 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), approved by the Main Commission on 18th November 2021. The main goals of Task Group 121 are to (1) review and update the scientific literature of relevance to radiation-related effects in the offspring of parent(s) exposed to ionizing radiation in both human and non-human biota; (2) to assess preconceptional and intrauterine effects of radiation exposure and related morbidity and mortality; and, (3) to provide advice about the level of evidence and how to consider these preconceptional and postconceptional effects in the system of radiological protection for humans and non-human biota.

Methods: The Task Group is reviewing relevant literature since Publication 90 'Biological effects after prenatal irradiation (embryo and fetus)' (2003) and will include radiation-related effects on future generations in humans, animals, and plants.

Radiological protection in human research ethics using a case study: toward update of the ICRP Publication 62.

The benefits of biomedical research involving humans are well recognised, along with the need for conformity to international standards of science and ethics. When human research involves radiation imaging procedures or radiotherapy, an extra level of expert review should be provided from the point of view of radiological protection. The relevant publication of the International Commission for Radiological Protection (ICRP) is now three decades old and is currently undergoing an update.

A Multimedia Strategy to Integrate Introductory Broad-Based Radiation Science Education in US Medical Schools.

US physicians in multiple specialties who order or conduct radiological procedures lack formal radiation science education and thus sometimes order procedures of limited benefit or fail to order what is necessary. To this end, a multidisciplinary expert group proposed an introductory broad-based radiation science educational program for US medical schools. Suggested preclinical elements of the curriculum include foundational education on ionizing and nonionizing radiation (eg, definitions, dose metrics, and risk measures) and short- and long-term radiation-related health effects as well as introduction to radiology, radiation therapy, and radiation protection concepts.

Age effects on radiation response: summary of a recent symposium and future perspectives.

One of the principal uncertainties when estimating population risk of late effects from epidemiological data is that few radiation-exposed cohorts have been followed up to extinction. Therefore, the relative risk model has often been used to estimate radiation-associated risk and to extrapolate risk to the end of life. Epidemiological studies provide evidence that children are generally at higher risk of cancer induction than adults for a given radiation dose.

Radiation exposures in pregnancy, health effects and risks to the embryo/foetus-information to inform the medical management of the pregnant patient.

Generally, intentional exposure of pregnant women is avoided as far as possible in both medical and occupational situations. This paper aims to summarise available information on sources of radiation exposure of the embryo/foetus primarily in medical settings. Accidental and unintended exposure is also considered.

Multiphase acquisitions in pediatric abdominal-pelvic CT are a common practice and contribute to unnecessary radiation dose.

Background: Many patients at our pediatric hospital have had a contrast-enhanced CT of the abdomen and pelvis performed by an outside imaging facility before admission. We have noticed that many of these exams are multiphase, which may contribute to unnecessary radiation dose.

Objective: To determine the frequency of multiphase acquisitions and radiation dose indices in contrast-enhanced CTs of the abdomen and pelvis performed by outside imaging facilities in patients who were subsequently transferred to our pediatric hospital for care, and compare these metrics to contrast-enhanced CTs of the abdomen and pelvis performed internally.

Using the American College of Radiology Dose Index Registry to Evaluate Practice Patterns and Radiation Dose Estimates of Pediatric Body CT.

Objective: Imaging registries afford opportunities to study large, heterogeneous populations. The purpose of this study was to examine the American College of Radiology CT Dose Index Registry (DIR) for dose-related demographics and metrics of common pediatric body CT examinations.

Materials And Methods: Single-phase CT examinations of the abdomen and pelvis and chest submitted to the DIR over a 5-year period (July 2011-June 2016) were evaluated (head CT frequency was also collected).

Downstream Breast Imaging Following Screening Mammography in Medicare Patients with Advanced Cancer: A Population-Based Study.

Background: Screening tests are generally not recommended in patients with advanced cancer and limited life expectancy. Nonetheless, screening mammography still occurs and may lead to follow-up testing.

Objective: We assessed the frequency of downstream breast imaging following screening mammography in patients with advanced colorectal or lung cancer.

Cancer-directed therapy and potential impact on survivals in nonresected hepatocellular carcinoma: SEER-Medicare population study.

Aim: To investigate determinants of receiving cancer-directed therapies and their potential survival impact in nonresected hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) Materials & methods: Nonsurgically resected HCC patients between 2000 and 2010 were stratified by American Joint Committee on Cancer staging and the type of therapy. Predictors of receiving therapy were identified and implication on survival was evaluated.

Results: Out of 9239 patients included, those receiving any therapy demonstrated prolonged overall survival with following median overall survival (months): ablation (30.

Trainees May Add Value to Patient Care by Decreasing Addendum Utilization in Radiology Reports.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of trainee involvement and other factors on addendum rates in radiology reports.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study was performed in a tertiary care pediatric hospital. From the institutional radiology data repository, we extracted all radiology reports from January 1 to June 30, 2016, as well as trainee (resident or fellow) involvement, imaging modality, patient setting (emergency, inpatient, or outpatient), order status (routine vs immediate), time of interpretation (regular work hours vs off-hours), radiologist's years of experience, and sex.

Women's Leadership in the ACR, 2001-2015.

Purpose: To assess the trends of women in voluntary leadership roles in the ACR from 2001 to 2015.

Methods: Retrospective leadership records from 2001 to 2015 were collected from the ACR Membership Database based on member demographics, gender, and participation in leadership roles at the national and state level. Data were sorted by gender and year to assess the proportion of women in each leadership position relative to total member/representation counts.

Prevalence of Unanticipated Events Associated With MRI Examinations: A Benchmark for MRI Quality, Safety, and Patient Experience.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of unanticipated events (UE) associated with MRI examinations in a multicenter academic radiology department.

Methods: UE reported by MRI technologists for examinations performed between June 2013 and November 2014 on 17 scanners in a university- and community-affiliated single health system were retrospectively reviewed. Events were categorized into the following categories: (1) problems with orders and scheduling; (2) scan delays; (3) unanticipated foreign bodies; (4) non-contrast-related patient events (eg, patient motion, discomfort, claustrophobia, need for sedation); (5) contrast-related patient events; and (6) technical acquisition issues.

Breast Cancer Screening in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Lung and Colorectal Cancer: A Population-Based Study of Utilization.

Purpose: To assess breast cancer screening utilization in Medicare beneficiaries with colorectal and lung cancer versus cancer-free controls.

Methods: Female fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries who were ≥67 years old and diagnosed with lung or colorectal cancer between 2000 and 2011 and who reported to a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry (case group) were followed for 2 years after their diagnoses, unless death, a diagnosis of breast cancer, or the end of 2013 came first. A similar number of cancer-free controls were individually matched to cases by age, race, registry region, and follow-up time.

Assessment of Added Value of Noncontrast to Contrast-Enhanced Abdominal Computed Tomography Scan for Characterization of Hypervascular Liver Metastases.

Assess the added value of nonenhanced computed tomography (NECT) to contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) of the abdomen for characterization of hypervascular liver metastases and incidental findings. Institutional review board approved, Health Insurance Probability and Accountability Act compliant, retrospective study of patients with melanoma, neuroendocrine tumor, or thyroid cancer. First available triphasic abdomen CT after initial diagnosis was reviewed by 3 radiologists.

Enteric Distribution of Oral Contrast in Emergency Department Patients Undergoing Abdominal-Pelvic Computed Tomography.

Purpose: The study sought to assess the gastrointestinal (GI) distribution of oral contrast (OC) among emergency department (ED) patients and determine if contrast reaches the terminal ileum or site of pathology to assist in diagnosis.

Methods: Retrospectively, adults undergoing abdominal-pelvic computed tomography (APCT) in the ED at 2 hospitals were identified over a 3-month period. APCTs were reviewed for location of OC.

2015 AMCLC Open-Microphone Session: Improving the IQ (Information Quality) of What We Do.

Each year an open-microphone session is hosted by the Council Steering Committee. The committee invited an expert panel to discuss the use of effective communication in appropriate procedure selection and methods and resources to communicate the results of procedures performed in an actionable and clear manner to referring clinicians and patients, as well as downstream data systems. The ACR is actively encouraging radiologists to leverage existing and new technologies to increase their visibility in the health care system.

Written Informed Consent for Computed Tomography of the Abdomen/Pelvis is Associated with Decreased CT Utilization in Low-Risk Emergency Department Patients.

Introduction: The increasing rate of patient exposure to radiation from computerized tomography (CT) raises questions about appropriateness of utilization. There is no current standard to employ informed consent for CT (ICCT). Our study assessed the relationship between informed consent and CT utilization in emergency department (ED) patients.

Sociodemographic impact on survival in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a survival epidemiology and end results study.

Aim: To investigate outcomes in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients stratified by sociodemographic and clinical factors in a population study.

Materials & Methods: Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database was used to identify patients diagnosed in 2000-2011. Overall survival (OS) was stratified using patient sociodemographic characteristics and American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC) staging.

Stakeholders' Perceptions Regarding the Use of Patient Photographs Integrated with Medical Imaging Studies.

Integrating digital facial photographs of pediatric patients as identifiers (ID) with medical imaging (integrated photographic IDs) may increase the detection of mislabeled studies. The purpose of this study was to determine how different stakeholders would receive this novel technology. Parents or guardians of patients in a children's hospital outpatient radiology department, radiology faculty and residents, and radiology technologists and nurses were asked to complete a survey.