The relationship between glycemic control and falls in older adults.

Objectives: To determine whether glycemic control contributes to fall risk in frail and nonfrail elderly adults with diabetes mellitus.

Design: Retrospective, case-controlled design.

Setting: Health maintenance organization in the Denver, Colorado, metropolitan area.

Enhanced branching morphogenesis in mammary glands of mice lacking cell surface beta1,4-galactosyltransferase.

Development of the mammary gland is influenced both by the systemic hormonal environment and locally through cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions. We have previously demonstrated aberrant mammary gland morphogenesis in transgenic mice with elevated levels of the long isoform of beta1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 (GalT), a proportion of which is targeted to the plasma membrane, where it plays a role in cell-ECM interactions. Here, we show that mammary glands of mice lacking the long GalT isoform exhibit a complementary phenotype.