Evaluation of Osteotomy Healing in Boxer Dogs Undergoing Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomy Using Two Radiographic Scoring Systems.

Objective:  The aim of this study was to (1) compare 5-point and 10-point bone healing radiographic scoring systems using postoperative tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) radiographs and (2) determine whether Boxer osteotomy healing time differs from age-matched Labrador Retrievers.

Study Design:  This was a multicentre retrospective study. Fifty-eight client-owned dogs undergoing TPLO (29 Boxers and 29 Labrador Retrievers) were included.

Interleukin receptor therapeutics attenuate inflammation in canine synovium following cruciate ligament injury.

Objective: In the knee, synovial fibrosis after ligamentous injury is linked to progressive joint pain and stiffness. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in synovial architecture, mechanical properties, and transcriptional profiles following naturally occurring cruciate ligament injury in canines and to test potential therapeutics that target drivers of synovial inflammation and fibrosis.

Design: Synovia from canines with spontaneous cruciate ligament tears and from healthy knees were assessed via histology (n = 10/group) and micromechanical testing (n = 5/group) to identify changes in tissue architecture and stiffness.

Arthroscopic Caudal Cruciate Ligament Damage in Canine Stifles with Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease.

Objective:  The aim of this study was to describe the arthroscopic changes to the caudal cruciate ligament (CdCL) in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament disease.

Study Design:  Arthroscopic video recordings ( = 117) of the stifle with cranial cruciate ligament disease were reviewed. The extent of CdCL tearing was described.

Arthroscopic Articular Cartilage Scores of the Canine Stifle Joint with Naturally Occurring Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease.

Objective:  This study aimed to evaluate frequency, location and severity of cartilage pathology in dogs with naturally occurring cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) disease.

Study Design:  Stifle arthroscopic video recordings ( = 120) were reviewed. A modified Outerbridge classification system (MOCS) (0-4) was used to score cartilage at 10 locations in the femorotibial (medial and lateral femoral condyles and tibial plateaus) and patellofemoral compartments (proximal, middle and distal locations of the patella and femoral trochlear groove) of the stifle joint.

Radiation exposure of dogs and cats undergoing fluoroscopic procedures and for operators performing those procedures.

Objective: To evaluate radiation exposure of dogs and cats undergoing procedures requiring intraoperative fluoroscopy and for operators performing those procedures.

Sample: 360 fluoroscopic procedures performed at 2 academic institutions between 2012 and 2015.

Procedures: Fluoroscopic procedures were classified as vascular, urinary, respiratory, cardiac, gastrointestinal, and orthopedic.

Observer Variability of Arthroscopic Cartilage Grading Using the Modified Outerbridge Classification System in the Dog.

Objective:  The aim of this study was to determine the inter- and intra-observer variability of the modified Outerbridge cartilage classification system in canine joints evaluated via arthroscopy.

Materials And Methods:  Fifty arthroscopic videos of canine cartilage were scored by six observers, where three of the observers had significant arthroscopic experience and three had minimal to no experience. The kappa () statistic was used to evaluate overall and individual score inter-observer variability, as well as experience variability.

Proximal tibial metaphyseal fractures in immature dogs.

Objective: To describe proximal tibial metaphyseal fractures in immature dogs.

Materials And Methods: Medical records of immature dogs with metaphyseal fractures of the proximal tibia were reviewed and data were collected on signalment and history of trauma. Craniocaudal and mediolateral radiographs were evaluated for the determination of the bones fractured, location of the fracture within the bone, fracture configuration, and the presence of fracture segment displacement and angulation.

Factors associated with pathological fractures in dogs with appendicular primary bone neoplasia: 84 cases (2007-2013).

Objective: To determine the incidence of pathological fractures associated with appendicular primary bone tumors in dogs managed medically and to identify potential risk factors at the time of radiographic diagnosis that may be associated with eventual pathological fracture.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: 84 dogs with primary long bone neoplasia treated medically.

Intrathecal resiniferatoxin in a dog model: efficacy in bone cancer pain.

Resiniferatoxin (RTX) is the most potent among all known endogenous and synthetic agonists for the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor, which is a calcium-permeable nonselective cation channel, expressed on the peripheral and central terminals of small-diameter sensory neurons. Prolonged calcium influx induced by RTX causes cytotoxicity and death of only those sensory neurons that express the TRPV1 ion channel leading to selective targeting and permanent deletion of the TRPV1-expressing C-fiber neuronal cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglia. The goal of this project was to provide preclinical efficacy data, that intrathecal RTX could provide effective pain relief and improve function in dogs with bone cancer without significant long-term side effects.

Articular cartilage lesions of the patellofemoral joint in dogs with naturally occurring cranial cruciate ligament disease.

Objective: To evaluate frequency, severity, and location of patellofemoral (PF) osteoarthritis (OA) in dogs with naturally occurring cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) disease.

Study Design: Cross-sectional observational study.

Animals: Dogs (n = 40; stifles, 44).

Intrathecal substance P-saporin in the dog: efficacy in bone cancer pain.

Background: Substance P-saporin (SP-SAP), a chemical conjugate of substance P and a recombinant version of the ribosome-inactivating protein, saporin, when administered intrathecally, acts as a targeted neurotoxin producing selective destruction of superficial neurokinin-1 receptor-bearing cells in the spinal dorsal horn. The goal of this study was to provide proof-of-concept data that a single intrathecal injection of SP-SAP could safely provide effective pain relief in spontaneous bone cancer pain in companion (pet) dogs.

Methods: In a single-blind, controlled study, 70 companion dogs with bone cancer pain were randomized to standard-of-care analgesic therapy alone (control, n=35) or intrathecal SP-SAP (20-60 µg) in addition to standard-of-care analgesic therapy (n=35).

The effect of abaxial retraction on pelvic geometry after pelvic symphysiotomy.

Objective: To describe the effect abaxial retraction after pelvic symphysiotomy has on the geometry of the sacroiliac joints (SIs) in dogs.

Study Design: Experimental study.

Sample Population: Canine cadavers (n = 9).

Preoperative thoracic radiographic findings in dogs presenting for gastric dilatation-volvulus (2000-2010): 101 cases.

Objective: To identify the incidence of clinically significant findings on preoperative thoracic radiographs in dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) and to determine if those findings are associated with survival.

Design: Retrospective study from 2000 to 2010.

Setting: Urban university small animal teaching hospital.

Initial application of reduced port surgery using the single port access technique for laparoscopic canine ovariectomy.

Objective: To describe the Single port access (SPA) laparoscopic entry technique for canine ovariectomy (OVE), report complications, and outcomes.

Study Design: Pilot study.

Animals: Intact female dogs (n = 6).

Intervertebral biomechanics of locking compression plate monocortical fixation of the canine cervical spine.

Objective: To evaluate the use of a locking compression plate (LCP) with monocortical screw purchase for stabilization of the canine cervical spine.

Study Design: Experimental study.

Animals: Cadaveric canine cervical spine specimens (n = 7).

Effect of positioning, scan plane, and arthrography on visibility of periarticular canine shoulder soft tissue structures on magnetic resonance images.

This study was performed to determine the effect of shoulder extension and flexion, imaging plane, and intraarticular paramagnetic contrast medium administration on the visibility of soft tissue structures surrounding the canine shoulder joint using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Eight dogs without shoulder disease were imaged using a 1.5 T MR scanner.

Effects of zoledronate on markers of bone metabolism and subchondral bone mineral density in dogs with experimentally induced cruciate-deficient osteoarthritis.

Objective: To evaluate effects of zoledronate on markers of bone metabolism in dogs after transection of the cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL).

Animals: 21 adult dogs.

Procedure: Unilateral CrCL transection was performed arthroscopically.

In vivo effects of tepoxalin, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase, on prostanoid and leukotriene production in dogs with chronic osteoarthritis.

Objective: To evaluate in vivo effects of tepoxalin, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX), on prostaglandin (PG) and leukotriene production in osteoarthritic dogs.

Animals: 7 mixed-breed adult dogs with chronic unilateral arthritis of a stifle joint.

Procedure: Dogs were treated in accordance with a randomized 3-way crossover design.

Differential regulation of MMP-13 by chemical modified tetracyclines in osteoblasts.

Tetracyclines have been shown to regulate matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression in numerous cell types with various periodontal disease models. MMP-13, or collagenase-3, has been shown to be induced by a number of osteotropic cytokines and hormones in osteoblastic cells. In this study, we studied MMP-13 gene expression and regulation in osteoblasts by chemically modified tetracyclines (CMTs).