Female genital cutting and other intra-vaginal practices: implications for TwoDay Method use.

This report examines the implications of female genital cutting and other intra-vaginal practices for offering the TwoDay Method® of family planning.This fertility awareness-based method relies on the identification of cervicovaginal secretions to identify the fertile window. Female genital cutting and traditional vaginal practices, such as the use of desiccants, may affect the presence or absence of secretions and therefore the woman’s perception of her fertility.

Validation of a simple camera navigation trainer.

Background: One laparoscopic skill that is rarely addressed is proper use of the 30-degree laparoscope. Lack of knowledge and training with an angled laparoscope can result in less than optimal visualization. The purpose of this study is to validate a simple and efficient camera navigation trainer.

Estrogen receptor alpha expression in normal human breast epithelium is consistent over time.

If increased expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ER) in benign breast epithelium increases susceptibility to breast cancer, such overexpression should be stable over time. There are no published data regarding this important aspect of ER expression in breast epithelium. We examined the temporal consistency of ER expression in the normal breast tissue of 28 women who had 2 separate breast surgical procedures, at least 6 months apart (mean interval, 2.