Antimicrobials from human skin commensal bacteria protect against and are deficient in atopic dermatitis.

The microbiome can promote or disrupt human health by influencing both adaptive and innate immune functions. We tested whether bacteria that normally reside on human skin participate in host defense by killing , a pathogen commonly found in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and an important factor that exacerbates this disease. High-throughput screening for antimicrobial activity against was performed on isolates of coagulase-negative (CoNS) collected from the skin of healthy and AD subjects.

Staphylococcus aureus Exploits Epidermal Barrier Defects in Atopic Dermatitis to Trigger Cytokine Expression.

Patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) have an abnormal skin barrier and are frequently colonized by S. aureus. In this study we investigated if S.

A Co-Drug of Butyric Acid Derived from Fermentation Metabolites of the Human Skin Microbiome Stimulates Adipogenic Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: Implications in Tissue Augmentation.

We show that Staphylococcus epidermidis, a commensal bacterium in the human skin microbiome, produces short-chain fatty acids by glycerol fermentation that can induce adipogenesis. Although the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of short-chain fatty acids have been previously well characterized, little is known about the contribution of short-chain fatty acids to the adipogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). We show that ADSCs differentiated into adipocytes and accumulated lipids in the cytoplasm when cultured with butyric acid, a principal short-chain fatty acid in the fermentation metabolites of S.

Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Nipple-Areola Complex: A Comprehensive Review of the World Literature.

Background: Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) usually occur in sun-exposed areas. However, they may also occur-albeit infrequently-in unusual locations, such as the nipple-areola complex.

Methods: Using the PubMed database, an extensive literature search was performed for the following keywords: areola, basal cell carcinoma, and nipple.

Differential effects of dietary supplements on metabolomic profile of smokers versus non-smokers.

Background: Cigarette smoking is well-known to associate with accelerated skin aging as well as cardiovascular disease and lung cancer, in large part due to oxidative stress. Because metabolites are downstream of genetic variation, as well as transcriptional changes and post-translational modifications of proteins, they are the most proximal reporters of disease states or reversal of disease states.

Methods: In this study, we explore the potential effects of commonly available oral supplements (containing antioxidants, vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids) on the metabolomes of smokers (n = 11) compared to non-smokers (n = 17).

Interobserver variability in the assessment of CT imaging features of traumatic brain injury.

The goal of our study was to determine the interobserver variability between observers with different backgrounds and experience when interpreting computed tomography (CT) imaging features of traumatic brain injury (TBI). We retrospectively identified a consecutive series of 50 adult patients admitted at our institution with a suspicion of TBI, and displaying a Glasgow Coma Scale score < or =12. Noncontrast CT (NCT) studies were anonymized and sent to five reviewers with different backgrounds and levels of experience, who independently reviewed each NCT scan.