Disease burden and treatment outcomes in second-line therapy of patients with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) advanced breast cancer: a review of the literature.

Objective: To determine the variable burden of disease of patients with advanced estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer and assess the current treatment landscape after failure of first-line endocrine therapy.

Methods: A comprehensive literature review was performed (2000-2011) by searching Medline via PubMed, and Embase and Cochrane databases, to assess disease burden (i.e.

Adverse event profile of tramadol in recent clinical studies of chronic osteoarthritis pain.

Objective: To review the safety profile of tramadol hydrochloride (tramadol) in the treatment of chronic osteoarthritis pain, with specific reference to the incidence of adverse events (AEs) reported in large clinical trials.

Methods: An extensive review of published clinical trials with tramadol was conducted, using literature searches in MEDLINE and EMBASE (since 1997) and the key search terms: tramadol, immediate-release (IR), extended-release (ER), sustained-release (SR), chronic pain, and osteoarthritis. Studies were included based on appropriate study design, appropriately reported safety data, and chronic osteoarthritis as a pain condition.