Bilateral Mastoid Process Hypertrophy Associated With Severe Trismus.

The mastoid process, a pneumatized prominence of the temporal bone with air-filled air cells, grows with age. We present here a series of 4 patients with bilateral mastoid hypertrophy associated with severe trismus from different etiologies, and discuss the possible explanation of this observation.

Interpersonal Violence and Maxillofacial Fractures.

Purpose: Accident Compensation Corporation statistics shows that maxillofacial fracture affects 11,000 people with an approximate $90 million annual cost in New Zealand dollars (NZD). Previous studies have demonstrated interpersonal violence (IPV), road traffic accidents (RTAs), sports injury, and falls being the common causes of maxillofacial fracture. This study investigated the causes and associated alcohol and/or drug use and fracture patterns in patients presenting with maxillofacial fractures in the Wellington region.

Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor without osteomalacia: additional confirmation of the "nonphosphaturic" variant, with emphasis on the roles of FGF23 chromogenic in situ hybridization and FN1-FGFR1 fluorescence in situ hybridization.

Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor (PMT) is a rare, histologically distinctive neoplasm that classically presents with phosphaturia and tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO; ie, oncogenic osteomalacia). Both the phosphaturia and the TIO are due to paraneoplastic production of FGF23 (a phosphatonin) by the neoplastic cells, which are genetically characterized by rearrangements of FN1 (most often with FGFR1, and less frequently with FGF1). However, rare cases of PMT present without phosphaturia and TIO (ie, the "nonphosphaturic" variant) and are therefore much more challenging to diagnose.