Perspectives of health service providers in delivering best-practice care for Aboriginal mothers and their babies during the postnatal period.

Background: Evidence suggests that Aboriginal babies in Western Australia are not receiving adequate primary health care in their first 3 months of life, leading to questions about enablers and constraints to delivering such care. This paper presents findings from a qualitative research project investigating health providers' perceptions and experiences of best and current practice in discharge planning, postnatal care and health education for Aboriginal mothers and their newborn babies.

Methods: Constructivist grounded theory guided this research involving 58 semi-structured interviews conducted with health providers who deliver care to Aboriginal mothers and infants.

Spatial and Temporal Variability in Trihalomethane Concentrations in the Bromine-Rich Public Waters of Perth, Australia.

High concentrations of trihalomethanes (THMs) in public water supplies potentially pose a health hazard, but exposure assessment remains a complex task. To interpret research findings and monitoring data for THMs, it is important to evaluate spatial and temporal variations in both total THM and the individual constituent compounds (including brominated species). We therefore aimed to determine the concentrations, and spatial and temporal variability of concentrations, of THMs public water supplies in Perth, Western Australia, which is known historically to have high brominated THM concentrations.

Understanding an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander child's journey through paediatric care in Western Australia.

Objective: To explore caregiver perspectives of their children's journey through the specialist paediatric service, the Aboriginal Ambulatory Care Coordination Program (AACC), and non-AACC services at the Perth Children's Hospital.

Methods: Eighteen semi-structured interviews with families of Aboriginal children were completed. Indigenous research methodology and a phenomenological approach guided data collection and analysis.

Modelling factors for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander child neurodevelopment outcomes: A latent class analysis.

Background: The Australian Early Development Census (AEDC) provides a measure of early child development upon school entry. Understanding which combination of factors influences Aboriginal child neurodevelopment is important to inform policy and practice.

Objective: The primary objective was to use latent class analysis (LCA) to model AEDC profiles and identify the highest need profiles.

Health service provider education and/or training in infant male circumcision to improve short- and long-term morbidity outcomes: A systematic review.

Aim: To systematically review the effectiveness of education and/or training for traditional (informal) and formal health service providers in infant male circumcision on morbidity or mortality outcomes.

Methods: We searched Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Global Health, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects and clinical trial registries in all languages from January 1985 to June 2018. Our primary outcomes were all-cause morbidity and all-cause mortality.

Anemia in disadvantaged children aged under five years; quality of care in primary practice.

Background: Anemia rates are over 60% in disadvantaged children yet there is little information about the quality of anemia care for disadvantaged children.

Methods: Our primary objective was to assess the burden and quality of anemia care for disadvantaged children and to determine how this varied by age and geographic location. We implemented a cross-sectional study using clinical audit data from 2287 Indigenous children aged 6-59 months attending 109 primary health care centers between 2012 and 2014.

Understanding the structure and processes of primary health care for young indigenous children.

INTRODUCTION Primary health care organisations need to continuously reform to more effectively address current health challenges, particularly for vulnerable populations. There is growing evidence that optimal health service structures are essential for producing positive outcomes. AIM To determine if there is an association between process of care indicators (PoCIs) for important young indigenous child health and social issues and: (i) primary health-care service and child characteristics; and (ii) organisational health service structures.

Improving developmental care in primary practice for disadvantaged children.

Our primary objective was to assess if sustained participation in continuous quality improvement (CQI) activities could improve delivery of 'basic developmental care' to disadvantaged children in primary care settings. Secondary objectives were to assess if delivery of developmental care differed by age and geographic location.Data were analysed using multivariable logistic regression and generalised estimating equations.

Quality of social and emotional wellbeing services for families of young Indigenous children attending primary care centers; a cross sectional analysis.

Background: The quality of social and emotional wellbeing services for Indigenous families of young children is not known, in many settings especially services provided by primary care centers.

Methods: Our primary objective was to assess delivery of social and emotional wellbeing services to the families of young (3-11 months) and older (12-59 months) Indigenous children attending primary care centers. Our secondary objective was to assess if delivery differed by geographic location.

Healthcare seeking patterns of families of infants with circumcision-related morbidities from two population-based cohort studies in Ghana.

Objective: This study assessed healthcare seeking patterns of families of infants with circumcision-related morbidities and families of infants with acute illnesses in rural Ghana.

Design: Two population-based cohort studies.

Setting: Brong Ahafo Region of central rural Ghana.

The influence of socioeconomic factors on choice of infant male circumcision provider in rural Ghana; a community level population based study.

Background: The influence of socio-economic determinants on choice of infant male circumcision provider is not known in areas with high population coverage such as rural Africa. The overall aim of this study was to determine the key socio-economic factors which influence the choice of infant male circumcision provider in rural Ghana.

Methods: The study investigated the effect of family income, distance to health facility, and cost of the circumcision on choice of infant male circumcision provider in rural Ghana.

Sustained participation in annual continuous quality improvement activities improves quality of care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children.

Aim: To determine whether participation in the continuous quality improvement (CQI) Audit and Best Practice for Chronic Disease programme improved care and outcomes for Indigenous children.

Methods: Data were collected from 59 Australian primary health-care centres providing services to Indigenous people and participating in the programme (February 2008 and December 2013). Indigenous children aged less than 2 years and centres that completed three or more consecutive annual audits within the 6-year study period were included.

Economic evaluation of interventions delivered by primary care providers to improve neurodevelopment in children aged under 5 years: protocol for a scoping review.

Background: Frequently cited benefit-cost ratios suggest that interventions to improve neurodevelopment have high economic returns when implemented during pregnancy and early childhood. However, there are many challenges when primary care providers implement these interventions at scale, and it is unclear how many research studies or programmes have examined cost-effectiveness and which methods were used. There are no current scoping or systematic reviews which have assessed economic evaluations of interventions delivered by primary care providers to improve child neurodevelopment.

Effect of socioeconomic disadvantage, remoteness and Indigenous status on hospital usage for Western Australian preterm infants under 12 months of age: a population-based data linkage study.

Objectives: Our primary objective was to determine the incidence of hospital admission and emergency department presentation in Indigenous and non-Indigenous preterm infants aged postdischarge from birth admission to 11 months in Western Australia. Secondary objectives were to assess incidence in the poorest infants from remote areas and to determine the primary causes of hospital usage in preterm infants.

Design: Prospective population-based linked data set.

Determinants of morbidity associated with infant male circumcision: community-level population-based study in rural Ghana.

Objective: Male circumcision services have expanded throughout Africa as part of a long-term HIV prevention strategy. We assessed the effect of type of service provider (formal and informal) and hygiene practices on circumcision-related morbidities in rural Ghana.

Methods: Population-based, cross-sectional study conducted between May and December 2012 involving 2850 circumcised infant males aged under 12 weeks.

Hospital Utilisation in Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Infants under 12 Months of Age in Western Australia, Prospective Population Based Data Linkage Study.

Background: Indigenous infants (infants aged under 12 months) have the highest hospital admission and emergency department presentation risks in Australia. However, there have been no recent reports comparing hospital utilisation between Indigenous and non-Indigenous infants.

Methods: Our primary objective was to use a large prospective population-based linked dataset to assess the risk of all-cause hospital admission and emergency department presentation in Indigenous compared to non-Indigenous infants in Western Australia (WA).

Effectiveness of the Koorliny Moort out-of-hospital health care program for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in Western Australia.

Objectives: To determine whether the Koorliny Moort program could reduce emergency department presentations, hospital admissions and length of stay, and improve attendance at out-of-hospital appointments for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in Western Australia.

Design: Children were enrolled in the program from 1 August 2012. Each child acted as their own control.

Health service provider education and/or training in infant male circumcision to improve short- and long-term morbidity outcomes: protocol for systematic review.

Background: There has been an expansion of circumcision services in Africa as part of a long-term HIV prevention strategy. However, the effect of infant male circumcision on morbidity and mortality still remains unclear. Acute morbidities associated with circumcision include pain, bleeding, swelling, infection, tetanus or inadequate skin removal.

Improving access to primary care for Aboriginal babies in Western Australia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Despite a decade of substantial investments in programs to improve access to primary care for Aboriginal mothers and infants, more than 50% of Western Australian Aboriginal babies are still not receiving primary and preventative care in the early months of life. Western Australian hospitals now input birth data into the Western Australian electronic clinical management system within 48 hours of birth. However, difficulties have arisen in ensuring that the appropriate primary care providers receive birth notification and clinical information by the time babies are discharged from the hospital.