Investigating the reciprocal temporal relationships between tobacco consumption and psychological disorders for youth: an international review.

Objective: To investigate reciprocal temporal relationships between tobacco consumption and psychological disorders for youth. Review DATA SOURCES: Five databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL and PsycINFO) on 26 September 2019 and updated on 11 May 2021, indexing tobacco, mental illness and longitudinal. Methods used consensus and multiple reviewers.

A population-level analysis of changes in Australian smokers' preferences for smoking cessation support over two decades - from 1998 to 2017.

Background: Encouraging and assisting smokers to quit remains a key public health goal. Government and commercial initiatives have nudged smokers towards supported cessation. We tracked long-term trends in Australian smokers' quit attempt methods across 20 years.

Evaluation of an intervention to train health professionals working with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people to provide smoking cessation advice.

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness and cultural relevance of Quitskills training tailored for health professionals working with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who smoke.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted with data collected from 860 participants (54% Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander participants) in tailored Quitskills training from 2012 to 2016. Course participants took part in a survey at pre-training, post-training and four-six weeks post-training to assess confidence in skills to address tobacco, and perceptions of the strengths, areas for improvement and cultural relevance of the training.

Barriers and facilitators for health professionals referring Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander tobacco smokers to the Quitline.

Objective: To examine the barriers and facilitators among health professionals to providing referrals to Quitline for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander clients who smoke.

Methods: A brief online survey, based on the Theoretical Domains Framework, was completed by 34 health professionals who work with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in South Australia and the Northern Territory.

Results: Respondents who frequently made referrals had higher domain scores than less frequent referrers for 'Skills and knowledge' (M=4.

Staff and patient perspectives of a smoke-free health services policy in South Australia: A state-wide implementation.

Few jurisdictions have implemented and evaluated a complete smoking ban across all health sites in their jurisdiction, with no designated smoking areas. This article examines staff and patient perceptions and experiences of a mandated smoke-free policy implemented across all government health facilities in South Australia, including mental health sites. An online survey of health staff was conducted prior to policy implementation (n=3098), 3 months post-implementation (n=2673) and 15 months post-implementation (n=2890).

Barriers to Seeking Help for Skin Cancer Detection in Rural Australia.

This study explores rural South Australians' barriers to help-seeking for skin cancer detection. A total of 201 randomly selected rural adults (18-94 years, 66% female) were presented with a skin-cancer-related scenario via telephone and were asked the extent to which various barriers would impede their help-seeking, based on an amended version of the Barriers to Help-Seeking Scale. Older (≥63 years) and less educated participants endorsed barriers more strongly than their younger, more educated counterparts in the following domains; "Concrete barriers and distrust of caregivers", "Emotional control", "Minimising problem and Normalisation", "Need for control and self-reliance" (every domain other than "Privacy").

Are tool properties always processed automatically? The role of tool use context and task complexity.

Previous work with healthy adults supports the idea that perception of the orientation of a tool's handle may automatically activate cognitive components for grasping and use. An important source of evidence for this automatic activation view comes from studies showing interference when automatically activated action representations are inconsistent with the behaviors demanded by a task (e.g.

Expectations can modulate the frequency and timing of multiple saccades: a TMS study.

This study was undertaken to determine if target predictability could modulate saccadic planning and timing at the level of the frontal eye fields (FEF). To this end, healthy participants performed two gap saccade tasks in which the targets were displaced left or right of the midline in either a predictable or a random fashion. Additionally, half of the participants were informed about this manipulation.

Handedness-dependent and -independent cerebral asymmetries in the anterior intraparietal sulcus and ventral premotor cortex during grasp planning.

When planning grasping actions, right-handers show left-lateralized responses in the anterior intraparietal sulcus (aIPS) and ventral premotor cortex (vPMC), two areas that are also implicated in sensorimotor control of grasp. We investigated whether a similar cerebral asymmetry is evident in strongly left-handed individuals. Fourteen participants were trained to grasp an object appearing in a variety of orientations with their left and right hands and with a novel mechanical tool (operated with either hand).

Multiple cytokines regulate the NK gene complex-encoded receptor repertoire of mature NK cells and T cells.

Mature NK cells comprise a highly diverse population of lymphocytes that express different permutations of receptors to facilitate recognition of diseased cells and perhaps pathogens themselves. Many of these receptors, such as those belonging to the NKRP1, NKG2, and Ly49 families are encoded in the NK gene complex (NKC). It is generally thought that these NKC-encoded receptors are acquired by a poorly understood stochastic mechanism, which operates exclusively during NK cell development, and that following maturation the repertoire is fixed.