The impact of the rotavirus vaccine on diarrhoea, five years following national introduction in Fiji.

Background: In 2012, Fiji became the first independent Pacific island country to introduce rotavirus vaccine. We describe the impact of rotavirus vaccine on all-cause diarrhoea admissions in all ages, and rotavirus diarrhoea in children <5 years of age.

Methods: An observational study was conducted retrospectively on all admissions to the public tertiary hospitals in Fiji (2007-2018) and prospectively on all rotavirus-positive diarrhoea admissions in children <5 years at two hospital sites (2006-2018, and 2010-2015), along with rotavirus diarrhoea outpatient presentations at one secondary public hospital (2010-2015).

Pneumococcal carriage in vaccine-eligible children and unvaccinated infants in Lao PDR two years following the introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.

Pneumococcal carriage is a prerequisite for disease, and underpins herd protection provided by pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). There are few data on the impact of PCVs in lower income settings, particularly in Asia. In 2013, the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) introduced 13-valent PCV (PCV13) as a 3 + 0 schedule (doses at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age) with limited catch-up vaccination.

Introduction of inactivated poliovirus vaccine in the Philippines: Effect on health care provider and infant caregiver attitudes and practices.

Background: The introduction of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) to the Philippines' national immunization schedule meant the addition of a third injectable vaccine at a child's 14-week immunization visit. Although previous studies have shown that providing multiple vaccines at the same time affected neither the risk of severe adverse events nor vaccine efficacy, concerns were raised that providing three injections at a single visit, with two injections in one leg, might be unacceptable to health care providers (HCP) and infant caregivers.

Methods: We conducted pre- and post-IPV introduction surveys on the acceptance and acceptability of the additional injectable vaccine in three of the Philippines' 17 administrative regions.

Japanese Encephalitis Surveillance and Immunization - Asia and Western Pacific Regions, 2016.

Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus is the most important vaccine-preventable cause of encephalitis in the Asia-Pacific region. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends integration of JE vaccination into national immunization schedules in all areas where the disease is a public health priority (1). This report updates a previous summary of JE surveillance and immunization programs in Asia and the Western Pacific in 2012 (2).

Epidemiology of Japanese encephalitis in the Philippines: a systematic review.

Background: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is an important cause of encephalitis in most of Asia, with high case fatality rates and often significant neurologic sequelae among survivors. The epidemiology of JE in the Philippines is not well defined. To support consideration of JE vaccine for introduction into the national schedule in the Philippines, we conducted a systematic literature review and summarized JE surveillance data from 2011 to 2014.

Typhoid Fever surveillance and vaccine use - South-East Asia and Western Pacific regions, 2009-2013.

Typhoid fever is a serious, systemic infection resulting in nearly 22 million cases and 216,500 deaths annually, primarily in Asia. Safe water, adequate sanitation, appropriate personal and food hygiene, and vaccination are the most effective strategies for prevention and control. In 2008, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended use of available typhoid vaccines to control endemic disease and outbreaks and strengthening of typhoid surveillance to improve disease estimates and identify high-risk populations (e.

HIVQUAL-T: monitoring and improving HIV clinical care in Thailand, 2002-08.

Objective: We report experience of HIVQUAL-T implementation in Thailand.

Design: Program evaluation.

Setting: Twelve government hospital clinics.

Bridging populations-sexual risk behaviors and HIV prevalence in clients and partners of female sex workers, Bangkok, Thailand 2007.

The aim of this study is to estimate HIV prevalence and assess sexual behaviors in a high-risk and difficult-to-reach population of clients of female sex workers (FSWs). A modified variation of respondent-driven sampling was conducted among FSWs in Bangkok, where FSWs recruited 3 FSW peers, 1 client, and 1 nonpaying partner. After informed consent was obtained, participants completed a questionnaire, were HIV-tested, and were asked to return for results.

HIV risk behavior among HIV-infected men who have sex with men in Bangkok, Thailand.

We assessed prevalence of sexually transmitted infection (STIs), sexual risk behaviors, and factors associated with risk behaviors among HIV-infected MSM attending a public STI clinic serving MSM in Bangkok, Thailand. Between October 2005-October 2007, 154 HIV-infected MSM attending the clinic were interviewed about sexual risk behaviors and evaluated for STIs. Patients were examined for genital ulcers and had serologic testing for syphilis and PCR testing for chlamydia and gonorrhea.

Pediatric HIVQUAL-T: measuring and improving the quality of pediatric HIV care in Thailand, 2005-2007.

Background: As increasing numbers of children initiate antiretroviral treatment (ART), a systematic process is needed to measure and improve pediatric HIV care quality.

Methods: Pediatric HIVQUAL-T, a model for performance measurement and quality improvement (QI), was adapted from the U.S.

Barriers to asymptomatic screening and other STD services for adolescents and young adults: focus group discussions.

Background: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are a major public health problem among young people and can lead to the spread of HIV. Previous studies have primarily addressed barriers to STD care for symptomatic patients. The purpose of our study was to identify perceptions about existing barriers to and ideal services for STDs, especially asymptomatic screening, among young people in a southeastern community.

Vaginal discharge.

Preview A variety of genital pathogens, many of which are sexually transmitted, cause infections of the vagina and cervix. Discharge is often a prominent and telling symptom. Which infectious agents should be suspected when the discharge is accompanied by itching? Vulvar pain? Odor? Which laboratory tests are most helpful in making a diagnosis? The authors answer these and other questions in this overview of genital infections in women.