and medicinal leaf powders modulate physiological parameters of Nile tilapia ().

Growing mixed-sex Nile tilapia, in earthen ponds to table size is a major challenge due to its early maturity and prolific breeding. This study determined the effects of two medicinal plants; Aspilia plant, and Neem tree, on hatchlings production, growth performance, feed utilization, survival and haematology of . Experimental diets were prepared by adding 1.

The Emerging Roles of the Calcineurin-Nuclear Factor of Activated T-Lymphocytes Pathway in Nervous System Functions and Diseases.

The ongoing epidemics of metabolic diseases and increase in the older population have increased the incidences of neurodegenerative diseases. Evidence from murine and cell line models has implicated calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T-lymphocytes (NFAT) signaling pathway, a Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent major proinflammatory pathway, in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Neurotoxins such as amyloid-β, tau protein, and α-synuclein trigger abnormal calcineurin/NFAT signaling activities.

Snakes and snakebite envenoming in Northern Tanzania: a neglected tropical health problem.

Background: Snakebites cause considerable human and livestock injuries as well as deaths worldwide, and particularly have a high impact in sub-Saharan Africa. Generating a basic platform of information on the characteristics of snakes and snakebites in various countries is relevant for designing and implementing public health interventions.

Methods: This study was performed to identify types of snakes and some of the characteristics of snakebite cases in two communities, an agricultural and a pastoralist, in Arusha region, northern Tanzania.

Signaling pathways bridging fate determination of neural crest cells to glial lineages in the developing peripheral nervous system.

Fate determination of neural crest cells is an essential step for the development of different crest cell derivatives. Peripheral glia development is marked by the choice of the neural crest cells to differentiate along glial lineages. The molecular mechanism underlying fate acquisition is poorly understood.

Histomorphometrical and ultrastructural study of the effects of carbendazim on the magnum of the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica).

The study investigated the effect of various doses of carbendazim on the morphology of the magnum of the Japanese quail. No morphological changes were observed in the magnum in birds treated with carbendazim at doses of 25 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg bodyweight. A carbendazim dose of 400 mg/kg bodyweight was the lowest dose which caused morphological changes in the magnum.

Ultrastructural features of atretic follicles in the sexually immature ostrich (Struthio camelus).

The aim of this study was to describe the ultrastructural features of atresia in follicles of the immature ostrich (12-14 months old); a ratite that displays seasonal, precocious ovarian activity. The early stage of atresia in primordial, pre-vitellogenic and vitellogenic follicles was characterized by the accumulation of lipid droplets in the granulosa cells. Granulosa cells with condensed cytoplasm and nuclei were a prominent feature during the intermediate phase of atresia.

An ultrastructural characterization of the ooplasm in ovarian follicles of the immature ostrich (Struthio camelus).

Primordial, pre-vitellogenic and vitellogenic follicles were present in the ovary of the immature ostrich. The oocytes of these follicles were composed of a nucleus surrounded by ooplasm. Central, intermediate and cortical regions formed the ooplasm.

Ultrastructural features of the follicular wall in developing follicles of the sexually immature ostrich (Struthio camelus).

The ultrastructure of the follicular wall in primordial, previtellogenic and vitellogenic follicles of the sexually immature ostrich is described in the present study. The follicular wall consists of a zona radiata, granulosa cell layer, basal lamina and thecal layer. Cytoplasmic processes from the plasma membranes of the granulosa cell layer and the ovocyte form the zona radiata in previtellogenic and vitellogenic follicles.

A morphological and immunohistochemical study of healthy and atretic follicles in the ovary of the sexually immature ostrich (Struthio camelus).

The morphology of healthy and atretic follicles in the ovary of the sexually immature ostrich was described in the present study. In addition, the distribution of the intermediate filaments desmin, vimentin and smooth muscle actin, in these ovarian follicles, was demonstrated. Healthy and atretic primordial, pre-vitellogenic and vitellogenic follicles were present in the ovaries of the sexually immature ostrich.

Immunoreactivities to protein gene product 9.5, neurofilament protein and neuron specific enolase in the ovary of the sexually immature ostrich (Struthio camelus).

The innervation of the ovary has been studied in various species of birds and mammals. Despite the fact that the innervation of any organ is an essential factor in controlling its growth and function, no information is available on the distribution of nerve fibers in the ovary of the sexually immature ostrich. Thus, the present study was undertaken to investigate the distribution of nerve fibers in the ovary of the sexually immature ostrich, using antibodies against neurofilament protein type M of 160 kD (NP), protein gene product 9.