Increased off-target binding of [18F]florbetaben in the skull of women with reduced skull density.

Aim: To investigate the relationship between off-target binding of the amyloid tracer [F]florbetaben (FBB) in the skull and skull density.

Methods: Forty-three consecutive patients were included retrospectively (age 70.2±7.

Reduced rich-club connectivity is related to disability in primary progressive MS.

Objective: To investigate whether the structural connectivity of the brain's rich-club organization is altered in patients with primary progressive MS and whether such changes to this fundamental network feature are associated with disability measures.

Methods: We recruited 37 patients with primary progressive MS and 21 healthy controls for an observational cohort study. Structural connectomes were reconstructed based on diffusion-weighted imaging data using probabilistic tractography and analyzed with graph theory.

Immunotherapies in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: efficacy and predictors of response.

Objective: To analyse predictors for relapses and number of attacks under different immunotherapies in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD).

Design: This is a retrospective cohort study conducted in neurology departments at 21 regional and university hospitals in Germany. Eligible participants were patients with aquaporin-4-antibody-positive or aquaporin-4-antibody-negative NMOSD.

Pattern of gray matter volumes related to retinal thickness and its association with cognitive function in relapsing-remitting MS.

Background: Neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS) may be investigated in the visual system as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows examining structural integrity in detail. The association between thickness of retinal layers and focal cortical volumes beyond the primary visual system has not been thoroughly investigated.

Objective: To investigate the association between focal cortical volume and thickness of retinal layers.

T1- Thresholds in Black Holes Increase Clinical-Radiological Correlation in Multiple Sclerosis Patients.

Background: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is an established tool in diagnosing and evaluating disease activity in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). While clinical-radiological correlations are limited in general, hypointense T1 lesions (also known as Black Holes (BH)) have shown some promising results. The definition of BHs is very heterogeneous and depends on subjective visual evaluation.

Increased perfusion in normal appearing white matter in high inflammatory multiple sclerosis patients.

Purpose: Although cerebral perfusion alterations have long been acknowledged in multiple sclerosis (MS), the relationship between measurable perfusion changes and the status of highly active MS has not been examined. We hypothesized that alteration of perfusion can be detected in normal appearing white matter and is increased in high inflammatory patients.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-three patients with relapsing-remitting MS underwent four monthly 3T MRI scans including dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion-weighted MRI.

Regression to the mean and predictors of MRI disease activity in RRMS placebo cohorts--is there a place for baseline-to-treatment studies in MS?

Background: Gadolinium-enhancing (GD+) lesions and T2 lesions are MRI outcomes for phase-2 treatment trials in relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS). Little is known about predictors of lesion development and regression-to-the-mean, which is an important aspect in early baseline-to-treatment trials.

Objectives: To quantify regression-to-the-mean and identify predictors of MRI lesion development in placebo cohorts.

Optic neuritis interferes with optical coherence tomography and magnetic resonance imaging correlations.

Background: Retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thinning is associated with brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis (MS). An influence of optic neuritis is well documented but sparsely investigated. Recently, the retinal ganglion cell layer (GCL) has been shown to provide superior information regarding visual function and retinal neurodegeneration as compared with RNFL.

Retinal damage in multiple sclerosis disease subtypes measured by high-resolution optical coherence tomography.

Background. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has facilitated characterisation of retinal alterations in MS patients. Only scarce and in part conflicting data exists on different MS subtypes.