. Honey Exerts Antiviral Effect Against Influenza A Virus Infection Through Mitochondrial Stress-Mediated Enhancement of Innate Immunity.

To combat influenza A virus (IAV) infection, it is vital to develop effective therapeutic strategies, including immunomodulators. In this study, we examined the antiviral effects of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. honey (HDH) against IAV using RAW 264.

Long-term outcome and predictors of vagus nerve stimulation for drug-resistant epilepsy: Real-world evidence from the Korean national hospital consortium.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the long-term outcome and prognostic factors of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) for drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) using real-world data.

Method: We included 189 DRE patients who underwent VNS implantation between 2005 and 2018 at nine national hospitals in Korea. Seizure-frequency data obtained quarterly one year before and after surgery and annually up to four years after surgery were collected from medical records.

Charge Modification of Lysine Mitigates Amyloid-β Aggregation.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition characterized by the deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, which aggregate into toxic structures such as oligomers, fibrils, and plaques. The presence of these Aβ aggregates in the brain plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology, leading to synaptic dysfunction and cognitive impairment. Understanding how physiological factors affect Aβ aggregation is essential, and therefore, exploring their influence in vitro will likely provide insights into their role in AD pathology.

The Role of Diet, Additives, and Antibiotics in Metabolic Endotoxemia and Chronic Diseases.

: Dietary patterns, including high-fat and high-carbohydrate diets (HFDs and HCDs), as well as non-dietary factors such as food additives and antibiotics, are strongly linked to metabolic endotoxemia, a critical driver of low-grade chronic inflammation. This review explores the mechanisms through which these factors impair intestinal permeability, disrupt gut microbial balance, and facilitate lipopolysaccharide (LPS) translocation into the bloodstream, contributing to metabolic disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and inflammatory bowel disease. : The analysis integrates findings from recent studies on the effects of dietary components and gut microbiota interactions on intestinal barrier function and systemic inflammation.

Antiviral-effect of nitrogen-containing compounds isolated from Sarcodon imbricatus on influenza A virus through regulation of ZBP-1 mediated necroptosis.

This study focuses on the elucidation of the structure and antiviral properties of six nitrogen-containing compounds including amino acid derivates (1 and 2) and heterocyclic compounds (3-6) isolated from the fruiting bodies of Sarcodon imbricatus, particularly Compound 2, an (S)-2-(hydroxyimino)-3-methylpentanoic acid ethyl ester. Their antiviral effects were tested against influenza A virus (IAV) in A549 cells. Particularly, Compound 2 exhibited significant antiviral activity in post-treatment assays, reducing viral protein expression and inhibiting viral replication with an IC of 14.

Seizure recurrence proportion under antiseizure medication in people living with epilepsy and prolonged seizure remission: A systematic review.

Background And Purpose: People living with epilepsy (PLWE) may wish to discontinue antiseizure medications (ASMs) after long-term remission. However, fear of relapse may lead to continued ASM use. Previous studies have focused on seizure relapse in PLWE who discontinued ASMs after long-term seizure remission (PLWE off ASM), with limited data on those who continued ASMs (PLWE on ASM).

Drug Discovery and Screening Tool Development for Tauopathies by Focusing on Pathogenic Tau Repeat 3 Oligomers.

Comprehending early amyloidogenesis is essential for the development of effective therapeutic strategies. In tauopathies like Alzheimer's disease (AD), the abnormal accumulation of tau protein is initiated by pathological tau seeds. Mounting evidence implies that the microtubule binding domain, consisting of three to four repeats, plays a pivotal role in this process, yet the exact region driving the formation of pathogenic species needs to be further scrutinized.

Modulation of Amyloid and Tau Aggregation to Alleviate Cognitive Impairment in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

Aggregation of misfolded amyloid-β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau proteins to plaques and tangles, respectively, is the major drug target of Alzheimer's disease (AD), as the former is an onset biomarker and the latter is associated with neurodegeneration. Thus, we report a small molecule drug candidate, DN5355, with a dual-targeting function toward aggregates of both Aβ and tau. DN5355 was selected through a series of four screenings assessing 52 chemicals for their functions to inhibit and reverse the aggregation of Aβ and tau by utilizing thioflavin T.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of the 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for the pediatric population in South Korea.

Objectives: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV20) compared to 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) for the pediatric population in Korea, where the four-dose vaccine coverage rate is over 97%.

Methods: We constructed a Markov model to calculate the cost and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) over 10 years. The health states were susceptible states; disease states, which included invasive pneumococcal diseases such as meningitis, bacteremia, pneumonia, and acute otitis media; and death attributable to pneumococcal disease.

TAT38 and TAT38 mimics potently inhibit adipogenesis by repressing C/EBPα, PPARγ, Pi-PPARγ, and SREBP1 expression.

Antiretroviral therapy-naive people living with HIV possess less fat than people without HIV. Previously, we found that HIV-1 transactivator of transcription (TAT) decreases fat in ob/ob mice. The TAT38 (a.

Diet-Induced Gut Dysbiosis and Leaky Gut Syndrome.

Chronic gut inflammation promotes the development of metabolic diseases such as obesity. There is growing evidence which suggests that dysbiosis in gut microbiota and metabolites disrupt the integrity of the intestinal barrier and significantly impact the level of inflammation in various tissues, including the liver and adipose tissues. Moreover, dietary sources are connected to the development of leaky gut syndrome through their interaction with the gut microbiota.

Early onset diagnosis in Alzheimer's disease patients via amyloid-β oligomers-sensing probe in cerebrospinal fluid.

Amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers are implicated in the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein, quinoline-derived half-curcumin-dioxaborine (Q-OB) fluorescent probe was designed for detecting Aβ oligomers by finely tailoring the hydrophobicity of the biannulate donor motifs in donor-π-acceptor structure. Q-OB shows a great sensing potency in dynamically monitoring oligomerization of Aβ during amyloid fibrillogenesis in vitro.

Structural Identification of Ginsenoside Based on UPLC-QTOF-MS of Black Ginseng ( C.A. Mayer).

Black ginseng (BG) is processed ginseng traditionally made in Korea via the steaming and drying of ginseng root through three or more cycles, leading to changes in its appearance due to the Maillard reaction on its surface, resulting in a dark coloration. In this study, we explored markers for differentiating processed ginseng by analyzing the chemical characteristics of BG. We elucidated a new method for the structural identification of ginsenoside metabolites and described the features of processed ginseng using UPLC-QTOF-MS in the positive ion mode.

Anastrozole Protects against Human Coronavirus Infection by Ameliorating the Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Inflammatory Response.

The common human coronavirus (HCoV) exhibits mild disease with upper respiratory infection and common cold symptoms. HCoV-OC43, one of the HCoVs, can be used to screen drug candidates against SARS-CoV-2. We determined the antiviral effects of FDA/EMA-approved drug anastrozole (AZ) on two human coronaviruses, HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-229E, using MRC-5 cells in vitro.

Korean Chestnut Honey Suppresses HSV-1 Infection by Regulating the ROS-NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway.

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is double-stranded DNA virus that belongs to the Orthoherpesviridae family. It causes serious neurological diseases of the central nervous system, such as encephalitis. The current U.

Fabrication of next-generation multifunctional LBG-s-AgNPs@ g-CN NS hybrid nanostructures for environmental applications.

Toxic industrial wastes and microbial pathogens in water pose a continuous threat to aquatic life as well as alarming situations for humans. Developing advanced materials with an environmentally friendly approach is always preferable for heterogeneous visible light photocatalysis. As a green reducing tool, LBG-s-AgNPs@ g-CN NS hybrid nanostructures were anchored onto graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) using an environmentally friendly approach of anchoring/decorating AgNPs onto g-CN.

Patulin Ameliorates Hypertrophied Lipid Accumulation and Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Response by Modulating Mitochondrial Respiration.

Patulin (PAT) is a natural mycotoxin found in decaying pome fruits. Although some toxicological studies have been conducted on PAT, recent research has highlighted its anticancer and antifungal effects. However, studies have yet to examine the effects and molecular mechanisms of PAT in other metabolic diseases.