"Mini Dial-A-Nurses" and "Good Brands": What Are the Desirable Features of Online HIV/STI Risk Calculators?

A wide variety of risk calculators estimate individuals' risk for HIV/sexually transmitted infections (STI) online. These tools can help target HIV/STI screening and optimize clinical decision-making. Yet, little evidence exists on suitable features for these tools to be acceptable to end-users.

Shear wave elastography of breast cancer: Sensitivity according to histological type in a large cohort.

Purpose: To define the shear wave elastography (SWE) characteristics of breast cancer histological types by size in a large cohort.

Methods: Consecutive patients with US visible masses underwent SWE. All those with confirmed invasive breast cancer were included in the study.

Shear-wave elastography and greyscale assessment of palpable probably benign masses: is biopsy always required?

Objective: To establish if palpable breast masses with benign greyscale ultrasound features that are soft on shear-wave elastography (SWE) (mean stiffness <50 kPa) have a low enough likelihood of malignancy to negate the need for biopsy or follow-up.

Methods: The study group comprised 694 lesions in 682 females (age range 17-95 years, mean age 56 years) presenting consecutively to our institution with palpable lesions corresponding to discrete masses at ultrasound. All underwent ultrasound, SWE and needle core biopsy.

Implementation challenges and opportunities for HIV Treatment as Prevention (TasP) among young men in Vancouver, Canada: a qualitative study.

Background: Despite evidence supporting the preventative potential of HIV Treatment as Prevention (TasP), scientific experts and community stakeholders have suggested that the success of TasP at the population level will require overcoming a set of complex and population-specific implementation challenges. For example, the factors that might influence decisions to initiate 'early' treatment have yet to be thoroughly understood; neither have questions about the factors that enhance or impede their ability to achieve long-term adherence to ARVs or the social norms regarding various treatment regimens been examined in detail. This knowledge gap may hamper opportunities to effectively develop public health practices that are informed by the various challenges and opportunities related to TasP implementation and scale up.

Anisotropy of Solid Breast Lesions in 2D Shear Wave Elastography is an Indicator of Malignancy.

Rationale And Objectives: To investigate if anisotropy at two-dimensional shear wave elastography (SWE) suggests malignancy and whether it correlates with prognostic and predictive factors in breast cancer.

Materials And Methods: Study group A of 244 solid breast lesions was imaged with SWE between April 2013 and May 2014. Each lesion was imaged in radial and in antiradial planes, and the maximum elasticity, mean elasticity, and standard deviation were recorded and correlated with benign/malignant status, and if malignant, correlated with conventional predictive and prognostic factors.

Does shear wave ultrasound independently predict axillary lymph node metastasis in women with invasive breast cancer?

Shear wave elastography (SWE) shows promise as an adjunct to greyscale ultrasound examination in assessing breast masses. In breast cancer, higher lesion stiffness on SWE has been shown to be associated with features of poor prognosis. The purpose of this study was to assess whether lesion stiffness at SWE is an independent predictor of lymph node involvement.

Invasive breast cancer: relationship between shear-wave elastographic findings and histologic prognostic factors.

Purpose: To compare the histologic prognostic feature of invasive breast cancer with mean stiffness as measured with shear-wave elastography.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study was exempted from ethical committee review. Patient consent for use of images for research was obtained.

Quantitative shear wave ultrasound elastography: initial experience in solid breast masses.

Introduction: Shear wave elastography is a new method of obtaining quantitative tissue elasticity data during breast ultrasound examinations. The aims of this study were (1) to determine the reproducibility of shear wave elastography (2) to correlate the elasticity values of a series of solid breast masses with histological findings and (3) to compare shear wave elastography with greyscale ultrasound for benign/malignant classification.

Methods: Using the Aixplorer® ultrasound system (SuperSonic Imagine, Aix en Provence, France), 53 solid breast lesions were identified in 52 consecutive patients.

An exploration of the drivers to bio-security collective action among a sample of UK cattle and sheep farmers.

At present, collective action regarding bio-security among UK cattle and sheep farmers is rare. Despite the occurrence of catastrophic livestock diseases such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and foot and mouth disease (FMD), within recent decades, there are few national or local farmer-led animal health schemes. To explore the reasons for this apparent lack of interest, we utilised a socio-psychological approach to disaggregate the cognitive, emotive and contextual factors driving bio-security behaviour among cattle and sheep farmers in the United Kingdom (UK).

Livestock vaccine adoption among poor farmers in Bolivia: remembering innovation diffusion theory.

The paper explores the low uptake of livestock vaccination among poor farming communities in Bolivia utilising core elements of the original innovation diffusion theory. Contrary to the recent literature, we found that vaccination behaviour was strongly linked to social and cultural, rather than economic, drivers. While membership in a group increased uptake, the 'hot' and 'cold' distinctions which dictate health versus illness within Andean cosmology also played a role, with vaccination viewed as a means of addressing underlying imbalances.