Thyroid dysfunction in pediatric Fontan patients is associated with unfavorable hemodynamic status and severity of protein-losing enteropathy: A report from the Fontan care network.

Background: Thyroid dysfunction may have adverse effects on Fontan hemodynamics. Data on thyroid function in pediatric Fontan patients with or without protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) are limited.

Methods: This retrospective multicenter study included 67 Fontan patients (median age 10.

Clinical recognition of mid-aortic syndrome in children.

Mid-aortic syndrome is characterized by narrowing of the abdominal aorta, usually with the involvement of renal arteries and other visceral branches. The combination of the presence of an abdominal bruit, diminished or absent pulsations of the lower extremities, and a blood pressure discrepancy between upper and lower extremities is the classic triad associated with mid-aortic syndrome. However, it has a wide variety of clinical symptoms, and awareness of the variable presentation can lead to early diagnosis of the vascular anomaly.