Polysaccharide Fraction Isolated from Exhibits Anti-Cancer Effects Through Immunostimulating Activities.

The present research aimed to assess the anti-cancer effects of the polysaccharide fraction (SJP) isolated from . The release of immune-activating cytokines, including IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α, was markedly stimulated by the SJP in a concentration-dependent manner within the range of 1 to 100 µg/mL. Furthermore, the prophylactic intravenous () and per os () injection of SJP boosted the cytolytic activity mediated by NK cells and CTLs against tumor cells.

Minimizing Surgical Margins in Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Single Institution's Experience with Excision and Reconstruction Methods.

 Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the predominant nonmelanocytic skin cancer, with preservation of both function and aesthetics being essential during tumor removal. Existing surgical margin guidelines primarily target ill-defined BCCs prevalent in Western countries. Therefore, this study aims to demonstrate the efficacy of surgical removal, propose modified guidelines for wide excision tailored to Asian patients, and share experiences with various reconstruction methods.

Enhancing Dynamic Range in Low-Noise 2D-Integrated Organic Photodiodes by Mitigating Langevin Recombination.

Organic photodiodes (OPDs) are a significant focus for the next-generation of light-detection technologies. However, organic semiconductors in OPDs still face key challenges, such as low carrier mobilities and limited efficiency in generating photon-induced signals, which affect the detectable resolution and dynamic range. In this study, the characterization of the interaction between organic polymeric bulk heterojunctions and two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (MoS) reveals an enhancement in photocurrent due to improved photogeneration dynamics (e.

Drug-Coated Balloon-Based Treatment of Left Main True Bifurcation Lesion.

Background: There is a paucity of data regarding drug-coated balloon (DCB) treatment in the context of left main (LM) true bifurcation lesions.

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of DCB-based treatment for unprotected LM true bifurcation lesions.

Methods: A total of 39 patients with LM true bifurcation lesion (Medina: 1,1,1/0,1,1/1,0,1) who were successfully treated with DCB alone or in combination with drug-eluting stent (DES) were retrospectively enrolled into the DCB-based group.

Effect of epinephrine administration interval on cerebral perfusion in a porcine cardiac arrest model.

Objectives: The recommended epinephrine administration interval during CPR is between 3 and 5 min. However, the optimal interval for improving cerebral perfusion remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of epinephrine administration interval of 3 min or 5 min on cerebral perfusion pressure (CEPP) and cortical cerebral blood flow (CCBF) in a porcine cardiac arrest model.

Role of radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of symptomatic distant metastasis of thyroid cancer.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for the treatment of symptomatic distant metastasis of differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

Materials And Methods: The medical records of 12 patients who underwent RFA for the palliative treatment of 18 symptomatic distant metastases from thyroid cancer between January 2008 and December 2020 were analyzed. All patients were assessed for their degree of discomfort and underwent periodical evaluations as outpatients, including clinical examination, imaging, and serologic markers.

Enhanced yield and subtype identity of hPSC-derived midbrain dopamine neuron by modulation of WNT and FGF18 signaling.

While clinical trials are ongoing using human pluripotent stem cell-derived midbrain dopamine (mDA) neuron precursor grafts in Parkinson's disease (PD), current protocols to derive mDA neurons remain suboptimal. In particular, the yield of TH+ mDA neurons after grafting and the expression of some mDA neuron and subtype-specific markers can be further improved. For example, characterization of mDA grafts by single cell transcriptomics has yielded only a small proportion of mDA neurons and a considerable fraction of contaminating cell populations.

Three-dimensional customized artificial grafts functionalized with biomimetic softness and anticoagulant heparin-dopamine surface modification: Preclinical study for practical applications.

Artificial vascular grafts, as blood vessel substitutes, are a prime challenge in tissue engineering and biomaterial research. An ideal artificial graft must have physiological and mechanical properties similar to those of a natural blood vessel, and hemocompatibility on its surface. We designed and fabricated artificial grafts by applying 3D printing and templated technology, which is endowed with morphologically patient-specific vascular reconstruction.

Development of a highly efficient microbial fermentation process of recombinant Escherichia coli for GABA production from glucose.

This study was aimed to develop a highly productive microbial fermentation process for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) production from glucose. For this, an efficient GABA-producing E. coli strain was firstly developed through metabolic engineering with a strategy of increasing the flux of GABA biosynthetic pathway and deleting or repressing the GABA shunt pathways that compete with GABA biosynthesis.

Vitamin D deficiency may accelerate cognitive decline in female apolipoprotein E ε4 non-carriers.

Background & Aims: The impact of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) on cognition remains controversial. Evidences suggest that variability based on apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 status and gender, given APOE ε4's influence on vitamin D metabolism and women's heightened vitamin D sensitivity. We investigated the interplay between APOE ε4, gender, and VDD in cognitive decline among older adults.

Thermally Triggered Double Emulsion-Integrated Hydrogel Microparticles for Multiplexed Molecular Diagnostics.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) has been recognized as the most reliable diagnostic tool. However, there is a need to develop multiplexed assays capable of analyzing multiple genes simultaneously to expand its application. To address this, a multiplexed RT-qPCR using a double emulsion (DE)-based carrier and a polymer microparticle reactor, termed primer-incorporated network tailored with Taqman probe (TaqPIN) is developed.

The impact of body mass index on mortality according to age in hemodialysis patients: an analysis of the Korean Renal Data System.

The impact of age on the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and all-cause mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients is not clearly understood. We analyzed the association between BMI and all-cause mortality, stratified by age, in patients undergoing HD using data from the Korean Renal Data System (KORDS). We analyzed 66,129 HD patients from the 2023 KORDS database, with data collected between 2001 and 2022.

Comparison of clinical outcomes between conventional and underwater endoscopic mucosal resection for duodenal neuroendocrine tumors.

Duodenal neuroendocrine tumors are relatively rare subepithelial tumors that arise from cells of the neuroendocrine system. Small duodenal neuroendocrine tumors can be treated endoscopically because of their low potential for metastasis. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of conventional and underwater endoscopic mucosal resection for duodenal neuroendocrine tumors.

Global, regional, and national trends in drug use disorder mortality rates across 73 countries from 1990 to 2021, with projections up to 2040: a global time-series analysis and modelling study.

Background: Drug use disorder (DUD) poses a major public health crisis globally, necessitating immediate attention to global trends and future projections to develop effective health policies and interventions. Thus, we aimed to estimate the global trends in DUD mortality rates from 1990 to 2021 and future projections of DUD deaths until 2040 across 73 countries.

Methods: In this time-series analysis and modelling study, we investigated the global trends in DUD mortality rates from 1990 to 2021 using the WHO Mortality Database and forecasted future trends through 2040.

Ring-Opening Polymerization of Surface Ligands Enables Versatile Optical Patterning and Form Factor Flexibility in Quantum Dot Assemblies.

The evolution of display technologies is rapidly transitioning from traditional screens to advanced augmented reality (AR)/virtual reality (VR) and wearable devices, where quantum dots (QDs) serve as crucial pure-color emitters. While solution processing efficiently forms QD solids, challenges emerge in subsequent stages, such as layer deposition, etching, and solvent immersion. These issues become especially pronounced when developing diverse form factors, necessitating innovative patterning methods that are both reversible and sustainable.

Optimization of FRET imaging in Arabidopsis Protoplasts.

Recent advancements in fluorescence-based biosensor technologies have enabled more precise and accurate Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) imaging within Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation systems. However, the application of FRET imaging in plant tissues remains hindered by significant challenges, particularly the time-intensive process of generating transgenic lines and the complications arising from tissue autofluorescence. In contrast, protoplast-based FRET imaging offers a rapid and efficient platform for functional screening and analysis, making it an essential tool for plant research.

Tetragonia tetragonioides extract prevented high-fat diet-induced obesity and changed hepatic and adipose transcriptomic signatures in C57BL/6J male mice.

Obesity, often driven by high-fat diets (HFD), is a major global health issue, necessitating effective preventive measures. Tetragonia tetragonoides, a plant with known medicinal properties, has not been extensively studied for its effects on HFD-induced obesity and related genetic changes in mice. This study explores the impact of Tetragonia tetragonoides extract (TTE; 300 mg/kg) on obesity-related traits in C57BL/6J male mice, with a focus on transcriptomic changes in the liver and white adipose tissue (WAT).

Anti-Inflammatory 8-Shogaol Mediates Apoptosis by Inducing Oxidative Stress and Sensitizes Radioresistance in Gastric Cancer.

Radiotherapy is a powerful tumor therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer patients. However, radioresistance is a major obstacle to kill cancer cells. Ginger ( Roscoe) exerts a potential function in various cancers and is a noble combined therapy to overcome radioresistance in gastric cancer radiotherapy.

Temperature Dependence of Optical Properties of MoS and WS Heterostructures Assessed by Spectroscopic Ellipsometry.

We report the complex dielectric function = + of MoS/WS and WS/MoS heterostructures and their constituent monolayers MoS and WS for an energy range from 1.5 to 6.0 eV and temperatures from 39 to 300 K.

The Synergistic Effect of PARP Inhibitors and Irinotecan in Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells.

Purpose: This study focused on combining irinotecan with Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors to explore the potential for novel combination therapeutics in small cell lung cancer (SCLC).

Materials And Methods: We selected 10 different SCLC cell lines with diverse mutational backgrounds in DNA damage response (DDR) pathway genes to evaluate the efficacy of the combination of three PARP inhibitors and irinotecan. After the cells were exposed to the drugs for seven days, cell viability was measured, and a combination index was calculated.

Intra-individual comparison of long-term outcomes between combined and indirect bypass surgery in adult moyamoya disease.

Purpose: Bypass surgery is regarded as the standard treatment option for symptomatic and hemodynamically unstable moyamoya disease (MMD). However, there is ongoing debate about the most effective type of bypass surgery. We aimed to analyze the long-term outcomes of combined and indirect bypasses for MMD patients through intra-individual comparisons.

Therapeutic potential of a systemically applied humanized monoclonal antibody targeting Toll‑like receptor 2 in atopic‑dermatitis‑like skin lesions in a mouse model.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent, persistent inflammatory skin disorder distinguished by pruritic and irritated skin. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are specialized receptors that recognize specific patterns associated with pathogens and tissue damage, triggering an innate immune response that protects the host from invading pathogens. Previously, it was demonstrated that intradermal injection of the humanized anti-TLR2 monoclonal antibody (Ab) Tomaralimab effectively relieved AD-like skin inflammation in BALB/c mouse models exposed to house dust mite extracts.

Ocular Injuries in Patients with Old Blow-out Fractures Following Blunt Trauma.

Purpose: To analyze the frequency, and clinical characteristics of ocular injuries in patients with prior blow-out fractures who experience new blunt trauma, and to assess whether old orbital fractures provide a protective effect against subsequent ocular trauma.

Methods: The medical records of 1,315 ocular trauma patients were reviewed. A total of 927 patients who had orbital or facial CT scans and ophthalmologist evaluations were considered.

Boosting skin cancer diagnosis accuracy with ensemble approach.

Skin cancer is common and deadly, hence a correct diagnosis at an early age is essential. Effective therapy depends on precise classification of the several skin cancer forms, each with special traits. Because dermoscopy and other sophisticated imaging methods produce detailed lesion images, early detection has been enhanced.