Post-kidney transplant cancers: Racial and ethnic differences in sun-exposed skin versus non-sun-exposed anogenital skin.

Background: Transplant recipients have a 2- to 4-fold increased risk of developing malignancies over the general population. Cancer is the second most common cause of death for recipients. The magnitude of the risk depends on the cancer type and increases in viral-related malignancies.

Age-specific prevalence of human papillomavirus and abnormal cytology at baseline in a diverse statewide prospective cohort of individuals undergoing cervical cancer screening in Mississippi.

Background: Mississippi (MS) has among the highest rates of cervical cancer incidence and mortality in the United States, with disproportionately higher rates among Blacks compared to Whites. Here, we evaluate the prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) and abnormal cytology in a representative baseline sample from a diverse statewide cohort of individuals attending cervical screening in MS from the STRIDES Study (STudying Risk to Improve DisparitiES in cervical cancer).

Methods: We included individuals aged 21-65 years undergoing screening at the University of Mississippi Medical Center (UMMC) and the Mississippi State Department of Health (MSDH) from May to November 2018.

STRIDES - STudying Risk to Improve DisparitiES in Cervical Cancer in Mississippi - Design and baseline results of a Statewide Cohort Study.

Cervical cancer rates in Mississippi are disproportionately high, particularly among Black individuals; yet, research in this population is lacking. We designed a statewide, racially diverse cohort of individuals undergoing cervical screening in Mississippi. Here, we report the baseline findings from this study.

Donor-Derived Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Transmission to Two Kidney Transplant Recipients Demonstrated by Short Tandem Repeat Analysis: A Case Report.

Cancer transmission from a donor organ to a transplant recipient is a rare but not infrequently fatal event. We report a case of lung cancer transmission from a deceased donor to 2 kidney recipients. Approximately 1 year after uneventful kidney transplantation, both recipients developed acute kidney failure.

Racial differences in HPV type 16 prevalence in women with ASCUS of the uterine cervix.

Background: Understanding racial influences on human papillomavirus (HPV) distribution in women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) cytology via partial genotyping in a statewide population can inform HPV-based prevention efforts.

Methods: Women aged 21 to 65 years with any cytology result and partial HPV genotyping for ASCUS triage between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2017, were included. All women attended a Mississippi State Department of Health clinic.

Best Practices Recommendations for Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry in Lung Cancer.

Since the 2015 WHO classification was introduced into clinical practice, immunohistochemistry (IHC) has figured prominently in lung cancer diagnosis. In addition to distinction of small cell versus non-small cell carcinoma, patients' treatment of choice is directly linked to histologic subtypes of non-small cell carcinoma, which pertains to IHC results, particularly for poorly differentiated tumors. The use of IHC has improved diagnostic accuracy in the classification of lung carcinoma, but the interpretation of IHC results remains challenging in some instances.

Precancerous cervical lesions and HPV genotypes identified in previously unsatisfactory cervical smear tests after inexpensive glacial acetic acid processing.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of using glacial acetic acid (GAA) to convert unsatisfactory bloody ThinPrep (TP) cervical smear test to satisfactory, and identify associated missed diagnoses and high-risk HPV (hrHPV) genotypes.

Methods: In a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional analysis, all TP tests performed in Mississippi, USA, 2012-2016, were evaluated for unsatisfactory results owing to blood. Tests that were converted to satisfactory by GAA treatment, and corresponding anomalies and HPV genotypes were identified.

The histopathological classification, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of mucinous appendiceal neoplasms, appendiceal adenocarcinomas and pseudomyxoma peritonei.

The vermiform appendix is the primary site of several distinctive benign and malignant neoplasms. Some can produce the clinical syndrome of pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP). A consensus on their terminology was reached by an international panel of pathologists and clinicians working under the auspices of the Peritoneal Surface Oncology Group International (PSOGI), and this review discusses the application of the PSOGI classification to routine reporting.

The Use of Immunohistochemistry Improves the Diagnosis of Small Cell Lung Cancer and Its Differential Diagnosis. An International Reproducibility Study in a Demanding Set of Cases.

Introduction: The current WHO classification of lung cancer states that a diagnosis of SCLC can be reliably made on routine histological and cytological grounds but immunohistochemistry (IHC) may be required, particularly (1) in cases in which histologic features are equivocal and (2) in cases in which the pathologist wants to increase confidence in diagnosis. However, reproducibility studies based on hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides alone for SCLC versus large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) have shown pairwise κ scores ranging from 0.35 to 0.

A Histomorphologic Grading System That Predicts Overall Survival in Diffuse Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma With Epithelioid Subtype.

Diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPeM) is rare and arises from peritoneal serosal surfaces. Although it shares similar histomorphology with its counterpart, malignant pleural mesothelioma, etiologies, clinical courses, and therapies differ. Nuclear grading and level of mitoses have been correlated with prognosis in malignant pleural mesothelioma with epithelioid subtype.

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the thyroid with concomitant papillary carcinoma: comparison of findings on fine-needle aspiration biopsy and histology.

We report two cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) of the thyroid gland coexisting with, and possibly arising in, papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). In the first case, CT-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) was performed on a paratracheal mass representing extrathyroidal invasion of a right thyroid lobe tumor. The aspirate showed papillary fronds and cells in honeycombed arrangements with fine chromatin, enlarged nuclei, nuclear grooves, and intranuclear inclusions in a background of mucus and blood; a diagnosis of PTC was rendered initially.

Oncocytoma-like renal tumor with transformation toward high-grade oncocytic carcinoma: a unique case with morphologic, immunohistochemical, and genomic characterization.

Renal oncocytoma is a benign tumor with characteristic histologic findings. We describe an oncocytoma-like renal tumor with progression to high-grade oncocytic carcinoma and metastasis. A 74-year-old man with no family history of cancer presented with hematuria.

Reproducibility of histopathological diagnosis in poorly differentiated NSCLC: an international multiobserver study.

Introduction: The 2004 World Health Organization classification of lung cancer contained three major forms of non-small-cell lung cancer: squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC), adenocarcinoma (AdC), and large cell carcinoma. The goal of this study was first, to assess the reproducibility of a set of histopathological features for SqCC in relation to other poorly differentiated non-small-cell lung cancers and second, to assess the value of immunohistochemistry in improving the diagnosis.

Methods: Resection specimens (n = 37) with SqCC, large cell carcinoma, basaloid carcinoma, sarcomatoid carcinoma, lymphoepithelial-like carcinoma, and solid AdC, were contributed by the participating pathologists.

Significance of signet ring cells in high-grade mucinous adenocarcinoma of the peritoneum from appendiceal origin.

Significance of signet ring cells in mucinous adenocarcinoma of the peritoneum from appendiceal origin has never been specifically studied. We retrospectively reviewed cases of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the peritoneum from appendiceal origin (n = 55) and collected clinical follow-up data. Signet ring cells were identified in 29 of 55 cases.

Classification of thymic epithelial neoplasms is still a challenge to thoracic pathologists: a reproducibility study using digital microscopy.

Context: Thymic epithelial tumors are rare, constituting interpretive challenges for pathologists. Digital imaging can be useful as an educational tool for these rare tumors.

Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic reproducibility of thymic tumors among thoracic pathologists.

Eosinophilic replacement infiltrates in cystic Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a potential diagnostic pitfall.

A 50-year-old woman underwent a fine-needle aspiration biopsy for progressive enlargement of the left thyroid lobe which was cystic and solid on ultrasound exam. The smears contained innumerable eosinophilic leukocytes along with lymphocytes, Hurthle cells, cells from a papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), and atypical glandular and squamous cells. The cytologic interpretation was Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), suspicious for epithelial neoplasm.

Vulvar seborrheic keratosis: is there a relationship to human papillomavirus?

Objective: We sought to determine the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) subtypes in vulvar seborrheic keratoses (SK) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in women with a theoretically low risk of recent HPV transmission. We also attempted to identify which histopathologic features best correlated with HPV and specific subtypes.

Methods: Twenty-eight cases of vulvar SK in women older than 50 years old were retrospectively pulled from our files from a 7-year period.

Perioperative systemic chemotherapy for appendiceal mucinous carcinoma peritonei treated with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy.

Background: The role of systemic chemotherapy (SC) in conjunction with cytoreductive surgery (CS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in appendiceal mucinous carcinoma peritonei (MCP) is unknown.

Methods: A retrospective review (1999-2011) of MCP patients who had undergone CS/HIPEC with or without perioperative SC.

Results: Twenty-two low-grade MCP patients treated with CS/HIPEC and SC were matched to patients who received CS/HIPEC alone.

Predicting pulmonary adenocarcinoma outcome based on a cytology grading system.

Background: Pulmonary adenocarcinoma (AD) has a variety of architectural patterns. Recently, a 3-tiered histological pattern-based grading system was developed for stage I lung AD, stratifying patients into low, intermediate, and high risk for recurrence. However, cytology may serve as the primary method for diagnosis in patients with inoperable disease.

Is intraoperative imprint cytology evaluation still feasible for the evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes for lobular carcinoma of the breast?

Background: The evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) from a patient with lobular breast cancer is challenging. Metastatic lobular cancer is difficult to identify in SLNs because of its low-grade cytomorphology and its tendency to resemble lymphocytes. Intraoperative imprint cytology (IIC) is a rapid, reliable method for evaluating SLNs intraoperatively.

Benefits of a combined approach to sampling of renal neoplasms as demonstrated in a series of 351 cases.

Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation is increasingly used for curative treatment of primary cancers of the kidney. We reviewed our experience of percutaneous sampling performed under computed tomographic guidance with fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and core biopsy (CB), and we report on the complementary roles of these 2 techniques in a series of 351 consecutive patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation for renal neoplasms. Both FNAB and CB were obtained in 290 cases, of which 156 patients (54%) were positive for neoplasm in both specimens, and 27 (9%) were negative for tumor in both specimens.

Non-contrasted computed tomography for the accurate measurement of liver steatosis in obese patients.

Background: Hepatic macrosteatosis (HMS) is prevalent among high BMI patients, but a lack of validation of non-invasive measures of liver fat hampers non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) investigation in general. Recent work suggests BMI adjusted, non-contrasted computed tomography (nc-CT) attenuation data (Hounsfield units) reflects liver fat accumulation in a normal weight population. However, this and other CT-based HMS studies have only approximated macrosteatosis (%) histologically, but have not validated findings with chemical liver triglyceride (TG) concentrations (mg/gram protein).