Case reports of congenital central hypoventilation syndrome.

Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS), which occurs in less than 1 in every 50,000 infants and children, is a rare syndrome first noted in literature by Mellins in 1970. Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome is a condition in which the patient loses the drive to breathe during deep sleep and can mimic many diseases. Until recently, CCHS has largely been a diagnosis of exclusion; fortunately, there is now a genetic test available to confirm the diagnosis.

Thriving under stress: selective translation of HIV-1 structural protein mRNA during Vpr-mediated impairment of eIF4E translation activity.

Translation is a regulated process and is pivotal to proper cell growth and homeostasis. All retroviruses rely on the host translational machinery for viral protein synthesis and thus may be susceptible to its perturbation in response to stress, co-infection, and/or cell cycle arrest. HIV-1 infection arrests the cell cycle in the G2/M phase, potentially disrupting the regulation of host cell translation.

Selective translational repression of HIV-1 RNA by Sam68DeltaC occurs by altering PABP1 binding to unspliced viral RNA.

HIV-1 structural proteins are translated from incompletely spliced 9 kb and 4 kb mRNAs, which are transported to the cytoplasm by Crm1. It has been assumed that once in the cytoplasm, translation of incompletely spliced HIV-1 mRNAs occurs in the same manner as host mRNAs. Previous analyses have demonstrated that Sam68 and a mutant thereof, Sam68DeltaC, have dramatic effects on HIV gene expression, strongly enhancing and inhibiting viral structural protein synthesis, respectively.

Modulating HIV-1 RNA processing and utilization.

Expression of the integrated HIV-1 provirus is achieved by overcoming multiple barriers to the processing, transport and utilization of the viral RNA. Some of the strategies involve viral encoded proteins (i.e.

Evaluation of a non-name-based HIV reporting system in San Francisco.

Objective: To develop and evaluate a non-name-based HIV reporting system.

Methods: A population-based study of the accuracy of a set of non-name codes and a prospective study of a laboratory-initiated HIV surveillance system conducted at a county hospital (site 1) and a health maintenance organization (site 2). Participants were persons reported with AIDS in San Francisco and patients with a positive test result for HIV antibody, p24 antigen, viral load, or a CD4 count at the study sites.