Evaluation of bone marrow invasion on the machine learning of 18 F-FDG PET texture analysis in lower gingival squamous cell carcinoma.

Objectives: Lower gingival squamous cell carcinoma (LGSCC) has the potential to invade the alveolar bone. Traditionally, the diagnosis of LGSCC relied on morphological imaging, but inconsistencies between these assessments and surgical findings have been observed. This study aimed to assess the correlation between LGSCC bone marrow invasion and PET texture features and to enhance diagnostic accuracy by using machine learning.

Determination of diagnostic and predictive parameters for vertical mandibular invasion in patients with lower gingival squamous cell carcinoma: A retrospective study.

Vertical mandibular invasion of lower gingival squamous cell carcinoma (LGSCC) determines the method of resection, which significantly affects the patient's quality of life. Therefore, in mandibular invasion by LGSCC, it is extremely important to monitor progression, specifically whether invasion is limited to the cortical bone or has progressed to the bone marrow. This retrospective study aimed to identify the diagnostic and predictive parameters for mandibular invasion, particularly vertical invasion, to enable appropriate selection of the method of mandibular resection.

Preoperative evaluation of oral hygiene may predict the overall survival of patients with esophageal cancer.

Background: Previously, the association between tooth loss and prognosis after esophagectomy was reported; however, the presence of periodontal disease has not been assessed. This study investigated the association between the degree of oral hygiene, as evaluated by tooth loss and periodontal disease, and the prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer.

Methods: A total of 163 esophageal cancer patients who underwent surgery with perioperative oral care and examination were enrolled.

Multi-omics Analysis of Ferroptosis Regulation Patterns and Characterization of Tumor Microenvironment in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Ferroptosis is a newly recognized mechanism of regulated cell death. It was reported to be highly associated with immune therapy and chemotherapy. However, its mechanism of regulation in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and influence on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) therapy are unknown.

Predictive factors for refractory stage I and II anti-resorptive agent-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.

Objectives: We aimed to predict the possibility of patients with stage I and II anti-resorptive agent-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (ARONJ) developing resistance to our treatment protocol by evaluating their clinical and imaging factors.

Materials And Methods: We enrolled 58 patients with ARONJ who underwent imaging modality. As objective variables, we considered the healing, stage-down, and stable stages as successful outcomes, and the stage-up stage as resistant-to-treatment.

Texture analysis of [F]-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography for predicting the treatment response of postoperative recurrent or metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma treated with cetuximab.

Objective: To assess the value of the texture analysis of fluorine-F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-FDG-PET/CT) in predicting the treatment response of postoperative recurrent or metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma (POR/M-OSCC) treated with cetuximab.

Methods: A total of 14 patients undergoing F-FDG-PET/CT with POR/M-OSCC were divided into the responder and non-responder groups according to cetuximab response by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). The regions of interest (ROI) were set at the POR/M-OSCC lesions with the highest uptake of F-FDG, and the volumetric and texture features were analyzed.

Resistance to Preoperative Oral Care Is Associated With Postoperative Pneumonia After Oesophageal Cancer Surgery.

Background/aim: Postoperative pneumonia is a serious complication of major oesophageal surgery. We aimed to clarify the association between the degree of improvement in oral hygiene by perioperative oral care and postoperative pneumonia in oesophageal cancer patients.

Patients And Methods: Oesophageal cancer patients (n=129) who underwent esophagectomy received perioperative oral care.

Predictive factors for dental inflammation with exacerbation during cancer therapy with FDG-PET/CT imaging.

Purpose: Oral adverse events, such as dental inflammation with exacerbation, are stressful and lead to poor nutrition in patients undergoing cancer therapy. Thus, the prediction of risk factors for dental inflammation with exacerbation is important before cancer therapy is initiated. We hypothesized that, during cancer therapy (DIECT), fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) imaging could be useful to predict dental inflammation with exacerbation.

Screening Patients With Cancer Admitted to Hanoi Medical University Hospital for Palliative Care Needs.

Purpose: To evaluate a screening tool for identifying which patients admitted to the oncology ward of a Vietnamese hospital should be referred to specialist palliative care (PC).

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional survey of consecutive patients hospitalized in the Department of Oncology and Palliative Care at Hanoi Medical University Hospital between June 2019 and September 2019. We translated a validated 11-item screening tool into Vietnamese and used a total score of ≥ 5 as a positive screen.

Image screening for maxillo-mandibular actinomycosis with CT, F-FDG-PET/CT, and F-α-methyl tyrosine PET/CT.

Objectives: Clinical features and imaging findings of maxillo-mandibular actinomycosis are similar to those of intraosseous carcinoma. The purpose of this study is to clarify the characteristics of the imaging findings for screening of maxillo-mandibular actinomycosis using CT and PET.

Methods: Reports on maxillo-mandibular actinomycosis published between 1997 and 2016 were searched in PubMed using "actinomycosis," "maxilla," and "mandibular" as keywords.

Correlation between F-1-amino-3-fluorocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (F-fluciclovine) uptake and expression of alanine-serine-cysteine-transporter 2 (ASCT2) and L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) in primary prostate cancer.

Purpose: To evaluate the expression of alanine-serine-cysteine-transporter 2 (ASCT2) and L-type amino acid transporter1 (LAT1) in prostate cancer (PCa) and their impact on uptake of F-1-amino-3-fluorocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (F-fluciclovine) which is approved for the detection of recurrent PCa.

Methods: Twenty-five hormone-naïve patients with histologically confirmed PCa underwent PET/CT before prostatectomy. Dynamic imaging was performed immediately after injection of 368 ± 10 MBq of F-fluciclovine and the uptake in PCa was expressed as SUV at six sequential 4-min time frames and as tracer distribution volume (V) using Logan plots over 0-24 min.

F-FDG and F-FAMT PET-derived metabolic parameters predict outcome of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Objectives: L-3-[F]-Fluoro-α-methyl tyrosine (FAMT), an amino acid positron emission tomography (PET) tracer, complements [F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in the diagnosis of malignancies. We compared the predictive ability of FAMT PET versus FDG PET regarding metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) outcomes for distant metastasis, including lymph node metastasis, and identified the relevant metabolic parameters for each.

Methods: We enrolled 160 patients with OSCC who underwent PET/computed tomography using FDG and FAMT before treatment.

Activatable fluorescence detection of epidermal growth factor receptor positive mediastinal lymph nodes in murine lung cancer model.

It is important to detect mediastinal lymph node metastases in patients with lung cancer to improve outcomes, and it is possible that activatable fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green (ICG) can help visualize metastatic lymph nodes. Therefore, we investigated the feasibility of applying this method to mediastinal lymph node metastases in an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-positive squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Tumors were formed by injecting H226 (EGFR-positive) and H520 (EGFR-negative) cell lines directly in the lung parenchyma of five mice each.

Control of Pecan Weevil With Microbial Biopesticides.

The pecan weevil, Curculio caryae (Horn) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a key pest of pecans Carya illinoinensis ([Wangenh.] K. Koch) (Fagales: Juglandaceae).

Effects of intratumoral inflammatory process on 18F-FDG uptake: pathologic and comparative study with 18F-fluoro-α-methyltyrosine PET/CT in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Unlabelled: The accurate depiction of both biologic and anatomic profiles of tumors has long been a challenge in PET imaging. An inflammation, which is innate in the carcinogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), frequently complicates the image analysis because of the limitations of (18)F-FDG and maximum standardized uptake values (SUV(max)). New PET parameters, metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG), as well as (18)F-fluoro-α-methyltyrosine ((18)F-FAMT), a malignancy-specific amino acid-based PET radiotracer, are considered more comprehensive in tumor image analysis.

Diagnostic usefulness of ¹⁸F-FAMT PET and L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Purpose: L-[3-(18)F]-α-Methyltyrosine ((18)F-FAMT) was developed as an amino acid tracer for PET imaging to provide better specificity than 2-[(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ((18)F-FDG) PET for cancer diagnosis. We investigated the diagnostic usefulness of (18)F-FAMT in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The correlation between tumour uptake of (18)F-FAMT and L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) expression was determined.

Clinical significance of ¹⁸F-α-methyl tyrosine PET/CT for the detection of bone marrow invasion in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma: comparison with ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and MRI.

Objective: L-3-[(18)F]-fluoro-α-methyl tyrosine ((18)F-FAMT) is an amino acid tracer for positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) which specifically transported into cancer cells by L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1). LAT1 overexpression in tumors is significantly correlated with cell proliferation and angiogenesis. (18)F-FAMT PET/CT, fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) PET/CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were compared for their diagnostic performance in the detection of bone marrow invasion in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Non-viral delivery of nuclear factor-kappaB decoy ameliorates murine inflammatory bowel disease and restores tissue homeostasis.

Background: Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) is a key transcriptional regulator of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Aim: To investigate the therapeutic potential of a locally administered "non-viral" nuclear factor-kappaB decoy (NFkappaBD) in multiple experimental models of IBD.

Methods: A fully phosphorothioated decoy oligonucleotide with improved stability that specifically binds NF-kappaB and blocks inflammatory mediators regulated by this transcription factor without the help of viral envelope-assisted delivery was developed.

Blockade of experimental atopic dermatitis via topical NF-kappaB decoy oligonucleotide.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic skin inflammatory disease. Long-term use of topical corticosteroids in skin inflammation poses risks of systemic and local side effects. The NF-kappaB transcription factor family plays a central role in the progression and maintenance of AD.

Identification of genes promoting angiogenesis in mouse lung by transcriptional profiling.

A better understanding of the regulation of factors that promote angiogenesis may ultimately enable improved therapeutic control of this important process. In our previous studies, obstruction of the left pulmonary artery in the mouse consistently induced the formation of a new vasculature, which developed from the visceral pleura and entered the upper left lung directly within 5-6 days after ligation. No new vessels developed to the lower left lung, despite the initial ischemic stimulus being identical to that in the upper lung.

Identification of Nrf2-regulated genes induced by the chemopreventive agent sulforaphane by oligonucleotide microarray.

Electrophiles formed during metabolic activation of chemical carcinogens and reactive oxygen species generated from endogenous and exogenous sources play a significant role in carcinogenesis. Cancer chemoprevention by induction of phase 2 proteins to counteract the insults of these reactive intermediates has gained considerable attention. Nuclear factor E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a bZIP transcription factor, plays a central role in the regulation (basal and or inducible expression) of phase 2 genes by binding to the "antioxidant response element" in their promoters.

Acrolein causes transcriptional induction of phase II genes by activation of Nrf2 in human lung type II epithelial (A549) cells.

Acrolein, an alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde, is by far the strongest electrophile present in cigarette smoke which is involved in several lung pathophysiological conditions. Acrolein depletes glutathione and creates thiol imbalance. Acrolein due to thiol imbalance as well as covalent modification of cysteine is known to inhibit the activity of redox sensitive transcription factors such as NF-kappaB and AP-1.