Mild/Moderate Asthma Network in Italy (MANI): a long-term observational study.

Objective: The prevalence of asthma in Italy is estimated to be around 4%; it affects approximately 2,000,000 citizens, and up to 80-90% of patients have mild-to-moderate asthma. Despite the clinical relevance of mild-to-moderate asthma, longitudinal observational data are very limited, including data on disease progression (worsening vs. improvement), the response to treatment, and prognosis.

Multiple pulmonary nodules presenting a difficult diagnostic challenge.

We describe the case of a 56 years-old man with a subacute onset of symptoms mimicking a granulomatosis with polyangiitis. He was admitted to our hospital with acute respiratory failure requiring oxygen therapy, fever and crusted rhinitis. Despite initial improvement in radiological and clinical features with a steroids therapy, his condition worsened rapidly and he was re admitted to our department with ARDS.

IL-32, a novel proinflammatory cytokine in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Rationale: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the lung, yet the mechanisms that regulate this immune-inflammatory response are not fully understood.

Objectives: We investigated whether IL-32, a newly discovered cytokine, was related to markers of inflammation and clinical progression in COPD.

Methods: Using immunohistochemistry, expression of IL-32 was examined in surgically resected specimens from 40 smokers with COPD (FEV(1) = 39 +/- 4% predicted), 11 smokers with normal lung function, and 9 nonsmoking control subjects.

Nonatopic children with multitrigger wheezing have airway pathology comparable to atopic asthma.

Rationale: Epidemiologic studies have shown that, in atopic children, wheezing is more likely to persist into adulthood, eventually becoming asthma, whereas it appears to resolve by adolescence in nonatopic children.

Objectives: To investigate whether among children with multitrigger wheeze responsive to bronchodilators the airway pathology would be different in nonatopic wheezers, who are often considered nonasthmatic, compared with atopic wheezers, who are more frequently diagnosed as having asthma.

Methods: Bronchial biopsies were obtained from 55 children undergoing bronchoscopy for appropriate clinical indications: 18 nonatopic children with multitrigger wheeze (median age, 5 yr; range, 2-10 yr), 20 atopic children with multitrigger wheeze (medan age, 5 yr; range, 2-15 yr), and 17 control children with no atopy or wheeze (median age, 4; range, 2-14 yr).

Montelukast inhibits inflammatory responses in small airways of the Guinea-pig.

Increased resistance in the small airways is a major contributor of airway obstruction in asthma. The role of leukotrienes (LT) in determining inflammation and obstruction of small size bronchi is not completely understood. Here, we have examined the effect of the cysteinyl-leukotriene (CysLT 1) receptor antagonist, montelukast, against the bronchoconstriction and inflammatory responses induced by exogenous leukotriene and by allergen challenge in small size ( View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The Role of Lymphocytes in the Pathogenesis of Asthma and COPD.

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are two different inflammatory disorders of the lungs which share a common functional abnormality, i.e. airflow limitation [1,2].