RUBY® - a tetravalent (2+2) bispecific antibody format with excellent functionality and IgG-like stability, pharmacology and developability properties.

Despite the large number of existing bispecific antibody (bsAb) formats, the generation of novel bsAbs is still associated with development and bioprocessing challenges. Here, we present RUBY, a novel bispecific antibody format that allows rapid generation of bsAbs that fulfill key development criteria. The RUBY format has a 2 + 2 geometry, where two Fab fragments are linked via their light chains to the C-termini of an IgG, and carries mutations for optimal chain pairing.

Contrasting effects of cold acclimation versus obesogenic diets on chemerin gene expression in brown and brite adipose tissues.

Based on results from a signal sequence trap, we investigated chemerin gene expression in brown adipose tissue. Male NMRI mice were exposed to 30, 22 or 4 °C for 3 weeks, or were fed control (chow) diet, cafeteria diet or high-fat diet at thermoneutrality for the same time. In brown adipose tissue, cold acclimation strongly diminished chemerin gene expression, whereas obesogenic diets augmented expression.

Cross-pin femoral fixation versus metal interference screw fixation in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring tendons: results of a controlled prospective randomized study with 2-year follow-up.

Purpose: To determine if there is a different clinical outcome after cross-pin versus interference screw fixation in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with hamstring tendons.

Type Of Study: Prospective randomized clinical follow-up study.

Methods: Sixty-two patients were randomized into either TransFix cross-pin (Arthrex, Naples, FL) (TransFix group, n = 31) or metal interference screw femoral fixation (screw group, n = 31) in ACL reconstruction with hamstring tendons.

A prospective randomized study of patellar versus hamstring tendon autografts for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Background: Bone-patellar tendon-bone graft has been the most commonly used graft material in anterior cruciate reconstructions, but there has been increasing use of hamstring tendon grafts. However, no existing clinical studies show adequate support for the choice of one graft over the other.

Hypothesis: Hamstring tendons are equally as good as patellar tendon in anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions.