Publications by authors named "Kim Herzog"
Background: The optimal anastomotic configuration for right-sided colectomies remains controversial, with comparable postoperative outcomes across techniques. Thus, economic considerations may play a larger role in decision-making within cost-constrained healthcare settings.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study evaluated right-sided colectomies with ileocolic anastomosis at a Swiss tertiary center between 2016 and 2021.
Article Synopsis
- - Mitochondrial dysfunction in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) leads to increased oxygen levels in the gut, fostering the growth of certain bacteria and disrupting the balance of the microbiome, which can harm metabolism and immunity.
- - A novel compound called AuPhos enhances mitochondrial function in intestinal cells, reduces colitis symptoms, and restores a healthy gut microbiome in mice models, implying its potential benefits for IBD patients.
- - The study utilized various experimental methods, including animal models and human tissue analyses, showing that AuPhos alters microbial composition and improves oxygen use in gut cells, indicating its role in correcting IBD-related metabolic issues.
Background: Tissue-specificity for fimbrial fallopian tube ovarian carcinogenesis remains largely unknown in mutation carriers. We aimed to assess the cell autonomous and cell-nonautonomous implications of a germline mutation in the context of cancer immunosurveillance of CD3 CD56 natural killer (NK) cells.
Methods: Premenopausal mutation carriers versus age-matched non-carriers were compared.
Host response aimed at eliminating the infecting pathogen, as well as the pathogen itself, can cause tissue injury. Tissue injury leads to the release of a myriad of cellular components including mitochondrial DNA, which the host senses through pattern recognition receptors. How the sensing of tissue injury by the host shapes the anti-pathogen response remains poorly understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The optimal configuration for spinopelvic fixation during multilevel spine fusion surgery for adult spine deformity remains unclear. Postoperative sacroiliac (SI) joint pain, S2AI screw loosening and implant breakage could be related to continued motion of the SI joint with use of only a single point of fixation across the SI joint.
Methods: Prospective, international, multicenter randomized controlled trial of 222 patients with adult spine deformity scheduled for multilevel (4 or more levels) spine fusion surgery with pelvic fixation.
Article Synopsis
- Vestibular schwannomas (VS) are non-cancerous tumors that can cause significant health issues, but how their diversity and surrounding environment affect their development is not well understood.
- The study utilized single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and other genomic techniques on various VS samples, discovering different types of cells involved in the tumor environment and revealing a link between certain Schwann cells and inflammation often seen in nerve injuries.
- Findings suggest that these Injury-like Schwann cells may promote tumor growth by attracting immune cells through a specific signaling pathway, highlighting potential targets for future therapies.
Article Synopsis
- The study explores the lesser-known role of the cerebellum in PTSD by analyzing cerebellar volume differences in a large sample of 4,215 adults, with 1,642 diagnosed with PTSD and 2,573 as healthy controls.
- Using advanced deep-learning techniques, researchers assessed the total cerebellum volume and 28 subregions, revealing significant reductions in both gray and white matter in individuals with PTSD, especially in specific posterior lobe and vermis areas.
- The results suggest that changes in cerebellar structure are linked to cognitive and emotional dysfunctions in PTSD, highlighting the cerebellum's importance beyond its traditional role in motor control.
Article Synopsis
- * Researchers utilized various MRI data types to identify brain features that can distinguish PTSD from controls, revealing that classification accuracy decreases significantly when using multi-site data compared to single-site studies.
- * The denoising variational autoencoder (DVAE) model showed improved generalization on new datasets, indicating its potential for better classification of PTSD, although overall performance still remained only slightly above chance levels.
Article Synopsis
- Scientists found a special type of mouse that can help us learn more about schizophrenia, a mental illness that affects how people think and feel.
- These mice have a change in a specific gene that is linked to a higher risk of getting schizophrenia.
- The research showed that these mice have differences in brain activity, chemical signals, and strange movement patterns, helping to understand potential causes of schizophrenia better.
Kasugamycin Is a Novel Chitinase 1 Inhibitor with Strong Antifibrotic Effects on Pulmonary Fibrosis.
Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol
September 2022
Pulmonary fibrosis is a devastating lung disease with few therapeutic options. CHIT1 (chitinase 1), an 18 glycosyl hydrolase family member, contributes to the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis through the regulation of TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) signaling and effector function. Therefore, CHIT1 is a potential therapeutic target for pulmonary fibrosis.
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- Researchers developed the WID general clock, a new epigenetic clock for analyzing cervical samples, highlighting differences in tick rates between immune and epithelial cells.
- Analysis of nearly 2000 cervical cytology samples showed that the WID-relative-epithelial-age is decreased in pre-menopausal women with breast cancer and those at high risk, suggesting a link to breast cancer risk.
- Findings indicate that varying tick rates of different epigenetic clocks may provide useful insights into disease risk, especially when considering hormone therapy impacts in different menopausal statuses.
Article Synopsis
- Genetic and non-genetic factors both play a role in breast cancer, and a new method using DNA methylation data aims to identify women at risk through easily accessible samples like cervical cells.
- In a study involving various sample types, researchers created the WID-BC-index, which successfully identifies breast cancer risk with strong validation scores.
- The findings suggest that specific epigenetic changes related to breast cancer risk are also detectable in cervical samples, potentially leading to new screenings for monitoring breast cancer risk in women.
Skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs) encompass a variety of pathological conditions that involve the skin and underlying subcutaneous tissue, fascia, or muscle, ranging from simple superficial infections to severe necrotizing infections.Together, the World Society of Emergency Surgery, the Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery, the Surgical Infection Society-Europe, The World Surgical Infection Society, and the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma have jointly completed an international multi-society document to promote global standards of care in SSTIs guiding clinicians by describing reasonable approaches to the management of SSTIs.An extensive non-systematic review was conducted using the PubMed and MEDLINE databases, limited to the English language.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntra-abdominal infections (IAIs) are common surgical emergencies and have been reported as major contributors to non-trauma deaths in hospitals worldwide. The cornerstones of effective treatment of IAIs include early recognition, adequate source control, appropriate antimicrobial therapy, and prompt physiologic stabilization using a critical care environment, combined with an optimal surgical approach. Together, the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES), the Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery (GAIS), the Surgical Infection Society-Europe (SIS-E), the World Surgical Infection Society (WSIS), and the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) have jointly completed an international multi-society document in order to facilitate clinical management of patients with IAIs worldwide building evidence-based clinical pathways for the most common IAIs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWhile evidence exists supporting the potential for aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the infectious dose by inhalation remains unknown. In the present study, the probability of infection following inhalation of SARS-CoV-2 was dose-dependent in a nonhuman primate model of inhalational COVID-19. The median infectious dose, assessed by seroconversion, was 52 TCID50 (95% CI: 23-363 TCID50), and was significantly lower than the median dose for fever (256 TCID50, 95% CI: 102-603 TCID50), resulting in a group of animals that developed an immune response post-exposure but did not develop fever or other clinical signs of infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAim: The underlying neurophysiological effects of concussion often result in attenuated cognitive and cortical function. To understand the relation between cognition and brain injury, we investigated the effects of concussion on attentional networks using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).
Materials & Methods: Healthy controls and concussed patients, tested within 72 h from injury (T1) and after symptoms resolved (T2) completed a computerized attention task during fNIRS imaging.
Estrogen receptor alpha gene (ESR1) mutations occur frequently in ER-positive metastatic breast cancer, and confer clinical resistance to aromatase inhibitors. Expression of the ESR1 Y537S mutation induced an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) with cells exhibiting enhanced migration and invasion potential in vitro. When small subpopulations of Y537S ESR1 mutant cells were injected along with WT parental cells, tumor growth was enhanced with mutant cells becoming the predominant population in distant metastases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Oestrogen Receptor 1 (ESR1) mutations are frequently acquired in oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients who were treated with aromatase inhibitors (AI) in the metastatic setting. Acquired ESR1 mutations are associated with poor prognosis and there is a lack of effective therapies that selectively target these cancers.
Methods: We performed a proteomic kinome analysis in ESR1 Y537S mutant cells to identify hyperactivated kinases in ESR1 mutant cells.
Article Synopsis
- Danger signals or DAMPs trigger mitochondrial immune responses, with MAVS acting as a key mediator in signaling pathways linked to lung fibrosis.
- In a study using a model of pulmonary fibrosis, it was found that MAVS is mainly expressed in macrophages after lung injury and its aggregation increases significantly in injured lungs.
- The BH3 mimetic ABT-263 was shown to reduce MAVS expression and signaling, potentially offering a new treatment approach for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, unlike existing approved drugs which do not affect MAVS.
Evaluation of urinary biomarkers for early detection of acute kidney injury in a rat nephropathy model.
J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods
September 2020
Introduction: The implementation of novel, reliable biomarkers for the early and differential diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) could greatly improve the timely treatment and prevention of disease progression, particularly since the current gold standards for detecting kidney injury such as serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) lack sensitivity and specificity. We evaluated novel urinary kidney injury biomarkers focusing on early detection and better prediction of AKI with higher sensitivity and specificity.
Methods: In the rat, urinary biomarkers for kidney injury, i.
Importance: Women with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and ADHD symptoms may experience difficulty carrying out desired life roles and activities.
Objective: To determine whether a 7-wk tailored occupation-based intervention can reduce perceived stress and ADHD symptoms and enhance perceived performance of and satisfaction with daily roles and activities among women with ADHD.
Design: Randomization to intervention (n = 11) and control (n = 12) groups.
Article Synopsis
- Researchers analyzed data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to explore genetic correlations across four eating disorder types and eight substance-use-related traits, involving large sample sizes ranging from ~2400 to ~537,000 participants.
- Findings indicated positive genetic associations between anorexia nervosa and alcohol use disorder, as well as cannabis initiation, while some negative correlations were found between anorexia without binge eating and smoking behaviors, suggesting a complex relationship between these disorders influenced by genetic and possibly depressive factors.
BACKGROUNDUndifferentiated systemic autoinflammatory diseases (USAIDs) present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Chronic interferon (IFN) signaling and cytokine dysregulation may identify diseases with available targeted treatments.METHODSSixty-six consecutively referred USAID patients underwent underwent screening for the presence of an interferon signature using a standardized type-I IFN-response-gene score (IRG-S), cytokine profiling, and genetic evaluation by next-generation sequencing.
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