A paradox of white privilege: race, psychological resilience, and mental well-being during a public health crisis.

Objectives: The present study sheds novel light on the so-called 'racial paradox in mental health,' i.e., the phenomenon that Blacks, despite their relative socioeconomic disadvantages are mentally healthier than their more privileged White counterparts in the US.

Access to Network Social Capital and Health Outcomes in Later Life: Understanding the Role of Tie Strength.

Our study contributes to the scholarship by examining the concrete ways in which two distinct types of interpersonal connection-strong/close versus weak/distant-are independently related to self-rated health and life satisfaction cross-nationally. In addition, we explore whether and how the two types of interpersonal connection modify the magnitude of the associations between subjective social status (SSS) and health and well-being of older populations cross-nationally. According to results from our multilevel analysis, social capital available through strong ties (family and friends) is positively associated with both outcomes.

Adaptation and Validation of the Hooked on Nicotine Checklist (HONC) with Spanish Adolescents.

Introduction: The expansion of new tobacco consumption formats and electronic vapor products threatens to reverse the trend of declining smoking rates that had been observed among younger people in recent decades. Early detection in the health sector requires screening tools that have been adapted and validated in our context. This study aims to translate, culturally adapt, pilot and empirically validate the Hooked on Nicotine Checklist (HONC) with Spanish adolescents.

Culture of Safety Quality Improvement Project: Longitudinal AHRQ Survey Results From a Family Medicine Residency Program.

Objectives: This project analyzed the culture of safety quality improvement at the Family Medicine Center (FMC). The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) was used as a benchmark for internal and external comparison.

Methods: The AHRQ was administered to health care staff in 2015, 2017, and 2019, respectively, at the Family Medicine Center.

Social Capital and Willingness to Comply With Anti-Pandemic Government Intervention.

This study examines the relationship between individual-level social capital and compliance attitudes toward health protective measures in the context of COVID-19. We drew on secondary population-based data fielded during the pandemic's initial phase (April - June of 2020). The analytic sample consists of 9124 older American adults (ages 55 and over) across 18 U.

Does Misery Love Company? Multilevel Relationships between Perceived Age Discrimination and Happiness among Older Europeans.

The present study examines how moderates the individual-level association between perceived age discrimination and happiness among older Europeans. In this endeavor, we test two opposing views: 1) the "social norm" hypothesis that predicts the association between perceived age discrimination and happiness to become weaker in areas with a higher average level of age discrimination; and 2) conversely the "contagion effect" hypothesis that predicts the association to grow stronger in such areas. Using data from the European Social Survey (2008), we estimate two- and three-level mixed effects models to test these opposing hypotheses.

Examining the Complex (Curvilinear and Contingent) Associations between Social Distancing Compliance and Subjective Health during a Global Health Crisis.

Objectives: This study investigated a potential curvilinear link between social distancing behavior and subjective health in later life. It also evaluated whether food insecurity and community social capital moderated the focal relationship.

Methods: Data were drawn from three waves of the COVID Impact Survey (N = 19,234).

Ready to Rumble? Popularity, Status Ambiguity, and Interpersonal Violence Among School-Based Children.

Previous literature has recognized the importance of social relationship in understanding people's engagement in aggressive behavior. Yet, largely due to data limitations, only few studies have empirically explored how precisely influences interpersonal violence. In this research, we investigate the determinants of peer-to-peer violence by focusing on individual's positions in the status hierarchy within adolescent peer networks.

Political Trust, Mental Health, and the Coronavirus Pandemic: A Cross-National Study.

We investigate whether older adults who place greater trust in their political leadership fare better in terms of mental wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also test if and how the trust-wellbeing relationship varies across individual- and country-level moderators. Based on cross-national data consisting of over 13,000 older adults in 66 countries, we estimate a series of multilevel models.

Relational burden, depression, and loneliness among American older adults: an inquiry into the 'dark side of social capital'.

Objectives: Social networks and resources embedded in them are shown to promote mental health. This study examines whether there may be deleterious consequences of interpersonal ties and social capital on loneliness and depression in later life.

Method: Using data from the latest wave of National Social Life, Health and Aging Project (NSHAP) 2015-2016, we examine how relational burden is associated with mental health outcomes among older American adults.

Individual and community social capital, mobility restrictions, and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multilevel analysis of a representative US survey.

This paper explores the role of social capital in mitigating the mental health harms of social/mobility restrictions instigated in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. We test whether: (a) social capital continued to predict lower mental distress during the pandemic; and (b) whether social capital buffered (moderated) the harm of social/mobility restrictions on psychological distress. In addition, we test the level at which social capital mitigation effects operated, i.

Income inequality, emotional anxiety, and self-rated health in times of the coronavirus pandemic: Evidence from a cross-national survey.

Using a unique cross-national dataset, we explore the interplay between household income, coronavirus-induced anxiety, national context, and self-rated health (SRH) across dozens of countries among more than 13,500 older adults. Based on multilevel models, we find that the emotional anxiety due to COVID-19 negatively predicts SRH, net of country random effects. And holding constant coronavirus-related stress and background controls at both individual and contextual (country) levels, higher income is positively associated with better subjective health.

A Web-Based Intervention to Increase Smokers' Intentions to Participate in a Cessation Study Offered at the Point of Lung Screening: Factorial Randomized Trial.

Background: Screen ASSIST is a cessation trial offered to current smokers at the point of lung cancer screening. Because of the unique position of promoting a prevention behavior (smoking cessation) within the context of a detection behavior (lung cancer screening), this study employed prospect theory to design and formatively evaluate a targeted recruitment video prior to trial launch.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify which message frames were most effective at promoting intent to participate in a smoking cessation study.

[SBIRT model as a prevention strategy against addiction with and without substance in teenagers.].

A high prevalence of adolescent substance use, risky consumption patterns and the decrease in the age of initiation, together with the growth of non-substance addictions, represent a huge challenge for Public Health. This suggests the need for a change of focus in the work of the primary care settings, which must be more proactive in the early detection and intervention. Although there are some previous experiences in Spain, we do not have a duly standardised system, based on clinical practice and validated in consulting rooms, which could be used in a general, simple, and guaranteed manner.

Social distancing attitudes, national context, and health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from a global survey.

This study analyzes global health consequences of the new coronavirus disease by focusing on the roles of normative beliefs on social distancing and country-level factors, i.e., mobility estimate and globalization index.

Social Isolation and Psychological Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-National Analysis.

Background And Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in social isolation globally, creating heightened levels of stress and anxiety. This study investigates the link between social isolation and mental well-being in later life, and how it varies across countries.

Research Design And Methods: We draw on a subset of older adults from Global Behaviors and Perceptions in the COVID-19 Pandemic, a unique global online survey of 13,660 participants from 62 countries.

COVID-19 restrictions and mental distress among American adults: evidence from Corona Impact Survey (W1 and W2).

Background: The present study examines the impact of coronavirus-related restrictions on mental health among American adults, and how this relationship varies as a function of time and two measures of vulnerability (preexisting physical symptoms and job insecurity).

Methods: We draw on data from two waves of Corona Impact Survey, which were fielded in late April and early of May 2020. Multilevel models were used to analyze the hierarchically nested data.

Ageism, Religiosity, and Wellbeing Among Older Adults: Evidence From the European Social Survey (ESS4).

Research shows that ageism (systemic discrimination against people because of their age) significantly undermines physical and psychological wellbeing, particularly among older adults. Our aim is to contribute to the literature by investigating whether this negative association varies across national religious context. We estimate multilevel models by drawing on a subset of data (ages 55 and above) from the fourth round of the European Social Survey (2008/2009).

Impact of an Educational Program on Behavioral Changes toward Environmental Health among Laotian Students.

This study evaluates the effect of an integrated health care educational program on several behavioral changes related to environmental health among Laotian students. Students in the experimental group received education concerning environmental health-related issues, including air pollution and chemical exposure. Analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) and paired -tests were conducted for the statistical analysis of the pre- and post-survey scores.

Analyzing Multilevel Factors Underlying Adolescent Smoking Behaviors: The Roles of Friendship Network, Family Relations, and School Environment.

Background: This study investigates the extent to which friendship network, family relations, and school context are related to adolescent cigarette smoking. Friendship network is measured in terms of delinquent peers; family relations in terms of parental supervision; and school environment in terms of objective (eg, antismoking policy) and subjective (eg, school attachment) characteristics.

Methods: Findings are based on the secondary analysis of the health behavior in school-aged children, 2009-2010.

Is the relationship between parental abuse and mobile phone dependency (MPD) contingent across neighborhood characteristics? A multilevel analysis of Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey.

Research indicates that mobile phone dependency (MPD) is associated with various behavioral and internalizing problems. While a significant amount of findings points to its negative outcomes, there is a dearth of evidence concerning the determinants of MPD. This study focuses on this critical, yet understudied, subject by analyzing the associations between abusive parenting style, neighborhood characteristics, and MPD among youths in South Korea, a country with one of the highest mobile broadband penetration rates in the world.