Water clarity measures as indicators of recreational benefits provided by U.S. lakes: Swimming and aesthetics.

Lakes provide recreational benefits related to water quality. Using data from the 2007 and 2012 United States National Lake Assessments (=2067 lake visits), we developed indicators for three benefits: swimming, general recreational value, and aesthetic appeal. For two combined ecoregions ("Mountains" and "Plains") we related objective measures of water clarity, including Secchi depth, turbidity, and water-column chlorophyll- concentration to subjective visual assessments of recreational benefit quality.

Consecutive Immunohistochemical Staining on a Single Slide is Effective in Confirming Melanocytic Derivation.

Background: Metastatic melanoma in sentinel lymph nodes is often elusive to detect with morphology alone. Per American Joint Committee on Cancer staging guidelines, a single atypical melanocyte in lymph node qualifies as metastasis, whether identified by morphology or immunohistochemistry, but single cell staining must be convincing. We propose that the use of a second immunohistochemical run performed on a single slide will allow for more confident diagnosis of micrometastases.

SAR and biological evaluation of 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane derivatives as μ opioid ligands.

3-Azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane compounds were designed as novel achiral μ opioid receptor ligands for the treatment of pruritus in dogs.

Measurement of hemoglobin A1c from filter papers for population-based studies.

Background: Stability and transport challenges make hemoglobin (Hb) A(1c) measurement from EDTA whole blood (WB) inconvenient and costly for large-scale population studies. This study investigated Hb A(1c) measurement from WB blotted on filter paper (FP) in a Level I National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program (NGSP)-accredited laboratory.

Methods: Three Bio-Rad Variant™ II HPLC instruments and WB and FP specimens were used.

Activation sequence modification during cardiac resynchronization by manipulation of left ventricular epicardial pacing stimulus strength.

Background: Success of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) depends on altering electrical ventricular activation (VA) to achieve mechanical benefit. That increases in stimulus strength (SS) can affect VA has been demonstrated previously in cardiomyopathy patients undergoing ablation.

Objective: To determine whether increasing SS can alter VA during CRT.

Synthesis and characterization of novel poly(ethylene glycol)-lipid conjugates suitable for use in drug delivery.

Liposomal formulations have been used to encapsulate and deliver a wide variety of therapeutic and diagnostic agents. Their circulation can be prolonged by the addition of neutral, hydrophilic polymers such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to the outer surface. An extended circulation lifetime allows them to take advantage of the enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR), resulting in increased delivery to target sites.