Prevalence and outcomes of nonmass lesions detected on screening breast ultrasound based on ultrasound features.

Purpose: To determine how often non-mass lesions are seen in screening breast ultrasounds, and analyze their ultrasound features according to the ultrasound lexicon to find features suggestive of malignant non-mass lesions.

Methods: This study is a single center retrospective study for nonmass lesions on screening breast ultrasound. Among 21,604 patients who underwent screening breast US, there were 279 patients with nonmass lesions.

Nonmass Lesions on Breast Ultrasound: Interreader Agreement and Associations With Malignancy.

Nonmass lesions (NMLs) on breast ultrasound lack clear definition and encompass a broad range of benign and malignant entities. Given anticipated inclusion of NMLs in the BI-RADS 6th edition, thorough understanding of these lesions will be critical for optimal management. To evaluate interreader agreement for classification of lesions on breast ultrasound as NMLs and to identify imaging features associated with malignancy in these lesions.

Cytogenomic evaluation of regenerated Aralia elata using PLOP-FISH and flow cytometry.

Aralia elata is closely related to Panax ginseng and contains high levels of saponins and other medicinal compounds. Successful A. elata micropropagation is commercially significant; however, the genomic stability of tissue culture-derived regenerants is unclear.

Performance of high-resolution diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for detecting clinically occult early breast cancers: a multi-reader study.

Purpose: To compare mammography, breast ultrasound (US), high-resolution diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI), dynamic contrast-enhanced breast MRI (DCE-MRI), and their combinations for detecting clinically occult early breast cancers (EBCs), including ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).

Methods: Three hundred and three consecutive women with screening imaging-detected early breast cancers (60 pure DCIS, 36 DCIS with microinvasion, and 207 invasive carcinoma less than 20 mm) who underwent breast MRI at 3 T including DW-MRI (b-values of 0, 800 and 1200 s/mm; in-plane resolution, 1.1 × 1.

Assessment of Nonmass Lesions Detected with Screening Breast US Based on Mammographic Findings.

Background Breast nonmass lesions (NMLs) are observed at screening and diagnostic US. However, knowledge is limited on imaging features of NMLs at screening US. Purpose To identify features of NMLs at screening US that are suspicious for malignancy based on mammographic findings.

Apoptosis of Pancreatic Cancer Cells after Co-Treatment with Eugenol and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand.

Pancreatic cancer is a refractory cancer with limited treatment options. Various cancer types are resistant to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Eugenol, the main component of clove oil, exhibits anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects.

Optimizing angular range in digital breast tomosynthesis: A phantom study investigating lesion detection across varied breast density and thickness.

Purpose: To determine the optimal angular range (AR) for digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) systems that provides highest lesion visibility across various breast densities and thicknesses.

Method: A modular DBT phantom, consisting of tissue-equivalent adipose and glandular modules, along with a module embedded with test objects (speckles, masses, fibers), was used to create combinations simulating different breast thicknesses, densities, and lesion locations. A prototype DBT system operated at four ARs (AR, AR, AR, and AR) to acquire 11 projection images for each combination, with separate fixed doses for thin and thick combinations.

Mammographic density assessment: comparison of radiologists, automated volumetric measurement, and artificial intelligence-based computer-assisted diagnosis.

Background: Artificial intelligence-based computer-assisted diagnosis (AI-CAD) is increasingly used for mammographic exams, and its role in mammographic density assessment should be evaluated.

Purpose: To assess the inter-modality agreement between radiologists, automated volumetric density measurement program (Volpara), and AI-CAD system in breast density categorization using the Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) density categories.

Material And Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on 1015 screening digital mammograms that were performed in Asian female patients (mean age = 56 years ± 10 years) in our health examination center between December 2022 and January 2023.

A predictive model using MRI and clinicopathologic features for breast cancer recurrence in young women treated with upfront surgery.

Objectives: To identify preoperative breast MR imaging and clinicopathological variables related to recurrence and develop a risk prediction model for recurrence in young women with breast cancer treated with upfront surgery.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 438 consecutive women with breast cancer aged 35 years or younger between January 2007 and December 2016. Breast MR images before surgery were independently reviewed by breast radiologists blinded to patient outcomes.

Endobronchial valves for emphysema and persistent air-leak: 10-year experience in an Asian country.

Background: Endobronchial valve (EBV) therapy, a validated method for bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) in severe emphysema, has been explored for persistent air-leak (PAL) management. However, its effectiveness and safety in the Asian population require further real-world evaluation. In this study, we assessed the outcomes of treatment with EBV within this demographic.

Use of a commercial artificial intelligence-based mammography analysis software for improving breast ultrasound interpretations.

Objectives: To evaluate the use of a commercial artificial intelligence (AI)-based mammography analysis software for improving the interpretations of breast ultrasound (US)-detected lesions.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 1109 breasts that underwent both mammography and US-guided breast biopsy. The AI software processed mammograms and provided an AI score ranging from 0 to 100 for each breast, indicating the likelihood of malignancy.

High-resolution diffusion-weighted MRI plus mammography for detecting clinically occult breast cancers in women with dense breasts.

Purpose: To compare the performance of mammography, high-resolution DW-MRI, DCE-MRI, and their combinations in detecting clinically occult breast cancer in women with dense breasts.

Method: 544 breasts from 281 consecutive asymptomatic women with dense breasts were retrospectively identified. They underwent breast MRI for preoperative evaluation of breast cancers (n = 214) or as supplemental screening (n = 67) including DCE-MRI and DW-MRI (b values, 0 and 1000 sec/mm; in-plane resolution, 1.

Shortened telomere length in peripheral blood leukocytes is associated with cumulative radioactive iodine doses in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

Background: Telomere length is associated with cancer risk and cancer aggressiveness. Radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy for thyroid cancer has raised concerns for second primary malignancy (SPM) in patients with high cumulative doses. The association between RAI dose and peripheral blood leukocyte telomere length was examined.

Chromosomal dynamics in : comparative PLOP-FISH analysis of tandem repeats and flow cytometric nuclear genome size estimations.

Introduction: Tandem repeats (TRs) occur abundantly in plant genomes. They play essential roles that affect genome organization and evolution by inducing or generating chromosomal rearrangements such as duplications, deletions, inversions, and translocations. These impact gene expression and chromosome structure and even contribute to the emergence of new species.

Prediction of the MammaPrint Risk Group Using MRI Features in Women With Estrogen Receptor-Positive, HER2-Negative, and 1 to 3 Node-Positive Invasive Breast Cancer.

Background: MammaPrint assigns chemotherapeutic benefits to patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative, and 1 to 3 node-positive invasive breast cancer. However, its cost and time-consuming nature limit its use in certain clinical settings. We aimed to develop and validate the prediction models for the low MammaPrint risk group using clinicopathologic and MRI features.

Enhanced mTORC1 signaling and protein synthesis in pathologic α-synuclein cellular and animal models of Parkinson's disease.

Pathologic α-synuclein plays an important role in the pathogenesis of α-synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Disruption of proteostasis is thought to be central to pathologic α-synuclein toxicity; however, the molecular mechanism of this deregulation is poorly understood. Complementary proteomic approaches in cellular and animal models of PD were used to identify and characterize the pathologic α-synuclein interactome.

Assessing internal mammary lymph node metastasis by breast magnetic resonance imaging in breast cancer.

The internal mammary lymph nodes (IMLNs) are a main pathway of metastasis in breast cancer, and breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in staging that disease. We investigated the MRI parameters that can predict metastatic IMLNs and evaluated their diagnostic performance by comparing the breast MRI findings for metastatic and benign IMLNs. From January 2016 to December 2020, 474 cases of enlarged IMLNs on breast MRI were identified.

Improving mammography interpretation for both novice and experienced readers: a comparative study of two commercial artificial intelligence software.

Objectives: To evaluate the improvement of mammography interpretation for novice and experienced radiologists assisted by two commercial AI software.

Methods: We compared the performance of two AI software (AI-1 and AI-2) in two experienced and two novice readers for 200 mammographic examinations (80 cancer cases). Two reading sessions were conducted within 4 weeks.

Effects of aging on accompanying intermittent hypoxia in a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model.

Background/aims: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is prevalent in older patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF); however, it is underrecognized. OSA is characterized by intermittent hypoxia (IH) and sleep fragmentation. In this study, we evaluated the effects of IH in an older mouse model of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis.

Engineering homoeologs provide a fine scale for quantitative traits in polyploid.

Numerous staple crops exhibit polyploidy and are difficult to genetically modify. However, recent advances in genome sequencing and editing have enabled polyploid genome engineering. The hexaploid black nightshade species Solanum nigrum has immense potential as a beneficial food supplement.

Prognostic implications of HER2 changes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with HER2-zero and HER2-low breast cancer.

Background: The transition of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in HER2-low breast cancer has not been thoroughly evaluated. Here, we evaluated the HER2 transition among HER2-zero and HER2-low breast cancer cases post-NAC and its impact on clinical outcomes.

Methods: We included 1288 patients with HER2-low or zero breast cancer who underwent NAC and surgery between 2014 and 2018 and had paired pre- and post-therapeutic HER2 status results.

Correlation of shear-wave elastography parameters with the molecular subtype and axillary lymph node status in breast cancer.

Purpose: To examine correlations between shear-wave elastography (SWE) parameters with molecular subtype and axillary lymph node (LN) status of breast cancer.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 545 consecutive women (mean age, 52.7 ± 10.

Randomized phase III trial of a neoadjuvant regimen of four cycles of adriamycin plus cyclophosphamide followed by four cycles of docetaxel (AC4-D4) versus a shorter treatment of three cycles of FEC followed by three cycles of docetaxel (FEC3-D3) in node-positive breast cancer (Neo-shorter; NCT02001506).

Purpose: To determine whether six cycles of FEC3-D3 has a comparable efficacy to eight of AC4-D4.

Methods: The enrolled patients (pts) were clinically diagnosed with stage II or III breast cancer. The primary endpoint was a pathologic complete response (pCR), and the secondary endpoints were 3 year disease-free survival (3Y DFS), toxicities, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).