Haemophilus influenzae septicaemia and urinary tract infection associated with nefrocalcinosis: case report.

Haemophilus influenzae is an uncommon uropathogen with fastidious growth requirements, which must be taken into consideration in the diagnostic process. We present a rare case of urosepsis with H. influenzae in a young patient with nefrocalcinosis.

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Kidney stone disease is rapidly increasing with a strong relationship to metabolic syndrome. This review gives a brief overview of the current state and current treatment modalities. Increasing use of CT and ultrasound scans leads to increased diagnosis of asymptomatic kidney stones, which rarely require treatment.

Virtual reality simulator metrics cannot be used to assess competence in ureteronephroscopy and stone removal - a validation study.

Objective: The growing use of simulation-based training makes it necessary to develop efficient training programs in order to ensure optimal use of time and resources. Our aim was to develop and gather validity evidence for a simulation-based test in ureteronephroscopy and set a pass/fail standard for the test that will allow future mastery learning.

Design: This study is a validation study.

Consultation on kidney stones, Copenhagen 2019: aspects of intracorporeal lithotripsy in flexible ureterorenoscopy.

Purpose: To summarize current knowledge on intracorporeal laser lithotripsy in flexible ureterorenoscopy (fURS), regarding basics of laser lithotripsy, technical aspects, stone clearance, lithotripsy strategies, laser technologies, endoscopes, and safety.

Methods: A scoping review approach was applied to search literature in PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Consensus was reached through discussions at the Consultation on Kidney Stones held in September 2019 in Copenhagen, Denmark.

Endoscopic observations as a tool to define underlying pathology in kidney stone formers.

Purpose: Advancements in endoscopy offer the possibility of inspection of intrarenal anatomy and pathology. The aim of the study was to evaluate renal papillary appearance in kidney stone formers and to correlate papillary findings with stone type and patient metabolic data.

Materials And Methods: A consecutive cohort of 46 kidney stone formers undergoing retrograde intrarenal surgery was enrolled.

Evaluation of ureteral lesions in ureterorenoscopy: impact of access sheath use.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of ureteral lesions in retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) with and without the use of a 10/12 Fr ureteral access sheath (UAS). A further objective was to search for preoperative factors that could influence the risk of ureteral damage.

Materials And Methods: Data were collected from a clinical database on 180 consecutive adult patients undergoing RIRS for kidney stones with or without a 10/12 Fr UAS.

Histopathological correlations to ureteral lesions visualized during ureteroscopy.

Purpose: To correlate ureteral lesions visualized during ureteroscopy with histopathological findings.

Materials And Methods: Ureteral access sheaths (UAS) sized 13/15 Fr. were inserted bilaterally in 22 laboratory pigs.

Ureteral Access Sheath Influence on the Ureteral Wall Evaluated by Cyclooxygenase-2 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in a Porcine Model.

Objective: To examine the effect of ureteral access sheath (UAS) on the expression of the pro-inflammatory mediators cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the ureteral wall.

Material And Methods: In 22 pigs an UAS was inserted and removed after 2 minutes on one side and 2 hours on the contralateral side. Postoperatively ureters were excised in vivo, and tissue samples from the distal (2 minutes/2 hours) and proximal ureter (2 minutes/2 hours) were snap-frozen before quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of COX-2 and TNF-α.

Pharmacological Relaxation of the Ureter When Using Ureteral Access Sheaths during Ureterorenoscopy: A Randomized Feasibility Study in a Porcine Model.

. High intraluminal pressure during ureterorenoscopy (URS) increases risk of infectious and haemorrhagic complications. Intrarenal pressure may be reduced by the use of ureteral access sheaths (UASs), which on the other hand may cause ureteral damage.

First clinical evaluation of a new single-use flexible ureteroscope (LithoVue™): a European prospective multicentric feasibility study.

Introduction: We evaluated a new digital single-use flexible ureteroscope, LithoVue™ with respect to deflection, image quality and maneuverability.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in eight tertiary reference centers in Europe in December 2015 and January 2016. All consecutive patients included underwent flexible ureteroscopy and were 18 years or older.

Recurrent Pure Calcite Urolithiasis Confirmed by Endoscopic Removal and Infrared Spectroscopy in a Malnourished Anorectic Female.

Often when calcite is found as a component of urinary calculi, they are considered false calculi or artifacts. We present a case of true calcite urolithiasis. The stone material was removed percutaneously from a severely malnourished anorectic woman and analyzed by infrared spectroscopy (IRS).

How should patients with cystine stone disease be evaluated and treated in the twenty-first century?

Cystinuria continues to be one of the most challenging stone diseases. During the latest decades our knowledge of the molecular basis of cystinuria has expanded. Today 160 different mutations in the SLC3A1 gene and 116 in the SLC7A9 gene are listed.

Pathophysiological aspects of ureterorenoscopic management of upper urinary tract calculi.

Purpose Of Review: Indications for ureterorenoscopy are expanding without hard scientific evidence to support its efficacy. Therefore, it is extremely important to focus on potential harmful effects of the procedure itself. This review explores how physiology of the upper urinary tract reacts to ureterorenoscopy, potentially translating into harmful effects, and how such pathophysiological processes may be minimized.

Internal Structure of Kidney Calculi as a Predictor for Shockwave Lithotripsy Success.

Introduction: The internal structure of renal calculi can be determined on CT using bone windows and may be classified as homogeneous or inhomogeneous with void regions. In vitro studies have shown homogeneous stones to be less responsive to extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL). The objective was to evaluate whether the internal morphology of calculi defined by CT bone window influences SWL outcome in vivo.